HomeMy WebLinkAboutResolution No. 20-7947 - Adopting Mit Negative Declaration & Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Prgrm Paramount at ImperialWHEREAS, the City of Downey (City) intends to improve the Paramount Boulevard at
Imperial Highway intersection by reconstructing said intersection as a concrete intersection as
well as enhancing the capacity of the intersection by constructing additional turn lanes; and
WHEREAS, a Notice of Intent to adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration, attached here
in as Exhibit "A", was prepared for this project on April 17, 2020 in accordance with Section
21092 of the Public Resources Code and sent to the Governor's Office of Planning and
Research, State Clearinghouse and other applicable organizations. The notice included a
description of the project, the dates of the Mitigated Negative Declaration public comment
period, the location where the Mitigated Negative Declaration could be reviewed and a
statement that the project would not result in any significant environmental impacts with
gation; and
WHEREAS, the gated Negative Declaration, along with the Initial Study and
Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program, attached here in as Exhibit "B", was subsequently
prepared for this project in accordance with Sections 15070-15075 of the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); and
WHEREAS, the 20-day review period for the Mitigated Negative Declaration was
initiated on April 28, 2020. Copies of the draft document were available for review by the public
at City Hall and the document was also posted on the City's website on April 28, 2020; and
WHEREAS, no comments were received on the Mitigated Negative Declaration from the
public during the public comment period.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DOWNEY DOES
HEREBY RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. The City Council has carefully reviewed and considered the Mitigated
Negative Declaration for the Paramount Boulevard at Imperial Highway Intersection
Improvement Project. Based on its own independent judgment that the facts stated in the Initial
Study are true, the City Council hereby adopts the Mitigated Negative Declaration of
Environmental Impacts and associated Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program for said
project, dated April 2020, in compliance with CEQA guidelines.
SECTION 2. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution which shall
be effective upon its adoption.
PAGE 2
APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 23d day of June, 2020.
NCA"P
C 4
-aM,
B LA A-H CU, Mayor
I A"A L I CK g1A �DU A �T ��C
City Clerk
I HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing Resolution was adopted by the City Council of
the City of Downey at a regular meeting held on the 23d day of June, 2020, by the following
vote, to wit:
AYES:
Council Members:
Ashton, Rodriguez, Saab, Frometa, Mayor Pachect
NOES:
Council Member:
None.
ABSENT:
Council Member:
None.
ABSTAIN:
Council Member:
None.
&A�ALICIADUAWTE,6C��
City Clerk
r �.
A
Mn.�
legs of the intersection will be widened to provide sufficient road width for vehicular U-turn movements. The project
includes reconstruction of all four legs of the intersection with concrete pavement for 300 feet on all approaches and
100 feet for all departures. The intersection itself will be reconstructed with concrete pavement and decorative
concrete crosswalks will be added along with modified traffic signals and striping, signing and pavement markings,
street lighting and upgraded bus shelters and furnishings. There will be partial right of way acquisition required along
Imperial Highway and Paramount Boulevard on all four legs of the intersection. Some utility relocations and
adjustments will also be required to facilitate project construction.
INNOIROT 00.
UN '10. 1 111611101ne I IMMN 1110MI19i *0 110111 IMM181 -M •I
The project site is not included on the list of hazardous materials facilities, hazardous waste properties, or hazardous
waste disposal sites enumerated under Section 65962.5 of the California Government Code (Cortesel-ist).
Public Review/Public Comment Period: Copies of the proposed Mitigated Negative Declaration and Initial Study
are available for public review at City of Downey, Public Works Department, 11111 Brookshire Avenue, Downey,
California 90241; and online at http:1/www.downeVca.orq.
A 20-day public review period for the Mitigated Negative Declaration begins on April 29, 2020 and ends or
May 18, 2020. If you would like to comment, please send written comments to:
Edwin J. Norris, P.
Deputy Director of Public Works
eitrif liwi-pay-, PY�Ifib-ft-ks--J;&Aartrn6ffl
11111 Brookshire Avenue
Downey, California 90241
(562) 904-7110
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W&w 0')VVr)P.Vr'3 Mg EXHIBIT A
Notice of Intent to Adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Blvd. and Imperial Hwy Intersection
Page 2
Public Hearing: The City of Downey City Council is scheduled to consider the Mitigated Negative Declaration and
proposed project at its regular City Council meeting on a future date to be determined at 6:30 P. M. at City Hall at
11111 Brookshire Avenue, Downey, California, 90241. To confirm the date and time of the meeting and for
additional information concerning the proposed project, please check the City's website: hftp://www,downeyca.orql.
I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, there will not be a
significant effect in this case because revisions in the project have been made by or agreed to by the project
proponent. A MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared.
07
Delifino R. Consunii
Printed Name
Date
Title
Director of Public Works
WICTOW
Imperial Highway Intersection
Improvement Project
Final Draft Initial Study/
Mitigated Negative Declaration
May 2020
Lead Agency:
City of Downey
11111 Brookshire Avenue
Downey, CA 90241
Prepared by:
Hodge & Associates
45-300 Portola Avenue, #2842
Palm Desert, CA 92261
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Table of Contents
CEQA Appendix G: Environmental Checklist Form.....................................................................................................................1
I. Aesthetics......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
II. Agriculture and Forestry Resources..................................................................................................................................... 8
III. Air Quality.....................................................................................................................................................................................10
IV. Biological Resources................................................................................................................................................................. 25
V. Cultural Resources.................................................................................................................................................................... 27
VI.
Energy.............................................................................................................................................................................................28
VII.
Geology and Soils.......................................................................................................................................................................
29
VIII.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions....................................................................................................................................................
31
IX.
Hazards and Hazardous Materials......................................................................................................................................
34
X.
Hydrology and Water Quality...............................................................................................................................................
36
XI.
Land Use and Planning............................................................................................................................................................
39
XII.
Mineral Resources.....................................................................................................................................................................
40
XIII.
Noise................................................................................................................................................................................................41
XIV.
Population and Housing..........................................................................................................................................................
49
XV.
Public Services.............................................................................................................................................................................
50
XVI.
Recreation.....................................................................................................................................................................................52
XVII.
Transportation............................................................................................................................................................................53
XVIII. Tribal Cultural Resources.......................................................................................................................................................
55
XIX.
Utilities and Service Systems................................................................................................................................................
56
XX.
Wildfire...........................................................................................................................................................................................58
XXI.
Mandatory Findings of Significance...................................................................................................................................
59
Exhibits
Exhibit1 - Regional Location Map.....................................................................................................................................................3
Exhibit2 - Project Vicinity Map..........................................................................................................................................................4
Tables
Table 1 -
Ambient Air Quality Standards.....................................................................................................................................
12
Table 2 -
Health Effects of Major Criteria Pollutants..............................................................................................................
14
Table 3 -
Air Quality Monitoring Summary (2014-2018), Number of Days Standards Were Exceeded and
Maximum Levels During Such Violations..........................................................................................................17
Table 4 -
South Coast Air Basin Emissions Forecasts (Emissions in tons/day)..........................................................
17
Table5 -
Daily Emissions Thresholds...........................................................................................................................................19
Table 6 -
Construction Activity Equipment Fleet.....................................................................................................................
21
Table 7 -
Construction Activity Emissions, Maximum Daily Emissions (pounds/day)..........................................
21
Table 8 -
LST and Project Emissions (pounds/day)...............................................................................................................
22
Table 9 -
Construction Emissions (Metric Tons CO2e)..........................................................................................................
33
Table 10
- Downey Land Use Compatibility Guidelines for Exterior Community Noise .........................................
42
Table 11
- Human Response to Transient Vibration..............................................................................................................
44
Table 12
- Estimated Vibration Levels During Project Construction..............................................................................
45
Table 13
- Traffic Noise Impact Analysis, dBA CNEL at 50 feet from centerline........................................................
46
Table 14
- Construction Equipment Noise Levels....................................................................................................................
47
Appendices
Appendix A - Air Quality and GHG Impact Analysis
Appendix B - Archaeological Assessment
Appendix C - Noise Impact Analysis
Appendix D - Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program Summary
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
CEQA Appendix G:
Environmental Checklist Form
1. Project Title:
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
2. Lead Agency Name and Address:
City of Downey
1111 Brookshire Avenue
Downey, CA 90241
3. Contact Person and Phone Number:
Staff Contact: Edwin Norris, PE
Public Works Division, Planning Division
Phone Number: (626) 939-8425
4. Project Location:
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection
Downey, CA 90241
S. Project Sponsor's Name and Address:
City of Downey
1111 Brookshire Avenue
Downey, CA 90241
6. General Plan Designation:
Public Right of Way; surrounding properties have a land use designation of General Commercial.
7. Zoning:
Public Right of Way; surrounding properties are General Commercial.
8. Description of the project:
The Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway Intersection Project calls for a re -design of the
intersection to accommodate anticipated growth in traffic through 2035. Dual left turn pockets
will be added in the southbound direction along Paramount Boulevard and in the westbound
direction along Imperial Highway. All four legs of the intersection will be widened to provide
sufficient road width for vehicular U-turn movements. The Project includes reconstruction of all
four legs of the intersection with concrete pavement for 300 feet on all approaches and 100 feet
for all departures. The intersection itself will be reconstructed with concrete pavement, and
decorative concrete crosswalks will be added along with modified traffic signals and striping,
signing, and pavement markings, street lighting, and upgraded bus shelters and furnishings.
Partial right of way acquisition will be required along Imperial Highway and Paramount
Boulevard on all four legs of the intersection. Some utility relocations and adjustments will be
required to facilitate Project construction.
9. Surrounding Land Uses and Setting:
The site is located in the southwestern portion of the City of Downey north of Interstate 105
(1-105) and east of Interstate 710 (1-710). The Project site involves the intersection of Paramount
Boulevard and Imperial Highway. The west side of the Project area includes commercial uses and
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
parking lots that front Imperial Highway. The east side of the Project area includes a stretch of
commercial buildings and parking that line Imperial Highway. There are commercial facilities and
condos and apartment buildings north of the intersection along Paramount Boulevard.
Commercial buildings also front Paramount Boulevard to the south of the intersection along with
several single-family residences at the south end of Project limits.
10. Other public agencies whose approval is required (e.g., permits, financing approval, or participation
agreement):
None
Other reviewing agencies may include, but are not limited to:
South Coast Air Quality Management District
Los Angeles County Regional Water Quality Control Board
11. Have California Native American tribes traditionally and culturally affiliated with the Project area
requested consultation pursuant to Public Resources Code §21080.3.1? If so, has consultation begun?
Yes, and consultation has been completed.
Primary sources referenced in the preparation of this Initial Study:
1. City of Downey, Vision 2025 General Plan
2. City of Downey Water Quality Report, 2018
3. City of Downey, Downey Vision 2025 Comprehensive General Plan Update DEIR and FEIR, 2004
4. Zoning Map, City of Downey
5. Downey Municipal Code
6. California Environmental Quality Act as amended January 1, 2019. §§21000-21189 of the Public
Resources Code, State of California
7. Guidelines for California Environmental Quality Act as amended January 1, 2019.
§15000-15387 of the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 3, State of California
8. Phase 1 Archeological Assessment for Imperial Highway and Paramount Boulevard Intersection
Improvements Project, City of Downey - Archeological Resources Management Corporation,
December 9, 2019.
9. Air Quality and GHG Impact Analysis for Downey Intersection of Imperial Highway and
Paramount Boulevard Intersection Improvement Project dated January 24, 2020 prepared by
Giroux and Associates
10. Noise Impact Analysis for Downey Intersection of Imperial Highway and Paramount Boulevard
Improvement Project dated January 24, 2020 prepared by Giroux and Associates
11. https:-/./L-eotracker.waterboards.ca.L-ov-/
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
The environmental Jactors checked below would potentially he affected by this Project, Involving at least
one Impact that Is a "Potentially Significant Impact" or "Less Than Significant With Mitigation
incorporated," as indicated by the checklist on the following pages,
Aesthetics Mineral Resources
Agriculture and Forestry Resources Noise
AlrQuality
Biological Resources
Cid—tural Resources
G �Lology and Solis . '— GZ reenho so GwEmlsslons
flydrology and Water Quality
Land Use and Planning
MAJAM
On thebasis of this Initial evaluation,
Population and fiorasnq
Public Services
Recreation
Trans portation/Trafflic
Tribal Cultural Resources
Utilities and
Mandatory Findings of Significance
-'-
I find that theproposed Project COULD NOT have asignificant effect, on the environment,
and a NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared,
'-i =farad that althoar h th-a —proposed Project could have a significant effect on the
environment, there will not he a significant effect in this case because revisions In the
Project have been made by or agreed to by the Project proponent, A MITIGATED
NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared,
I find that the proposed Project MAY have a significant effect on the environment, and
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPOWr Is required,
I find that the proposed Project MAY have a significant offect(s) on the environment, but
at least one effect 1) has been adequatelyanalyzed in an earlier document pursuant to
applicable legal standards, and 2): has been addressed by mitigation measures based on
the earlier analysis as described on attached shoots, An ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
REPORT Is required, but It must amilyze only the effects that remain to be addressed.
I find that although the proposed Project could have a significant effect on the
environment, there WILL NOThe as significant effect in this case because all potentially
significant affect,; (a) have been analyzed adequately In an earlier EIR or NEGATIVE
DECLARNrioN pursuant to applicable standards and (b) have been avoided or mitigated
pursuant to that earlier EIR, Including revisions or mitigation measures that are Imposed
upon the proposed Project, nothing further Is required.
Submitted by, City of Downey
Prepared by,
Signature Marto
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A
P1
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Evaluation of Environmental Impacts:
1) A brief explanation is required for all answers except "No Impact" answers that are adequately
supported by the information sources a lead agency cites in the parentheses following each question.
A "No Impact" answer is adequately supported if the referenced information sources show that the
impact simply does not apply to projects like the one involved (e.g., the project falls outside a fault
rupture zone). A "No Impact" answer should be explained where it is based on project -specific factors
as well as general standards (e.g., the project will not expose sensitive receptors to pollutants, based
on a project -specific screening analysis).
2) All answers must take account of the whole action involved, including off -site as well as on -site,
cumulative as well as project -level, indirect as well as direct, and construction as well as operational
impacts.
3) Once the lead agency has determined that a particular physical impact may occur, then the checklist
answers must indicate whether the impact is potentially significant, less than significant with
mitigation, or less than significant. "Potentially Significant Impact" is appropriate if there is
substantial evidence that an effect may be significant. If there are one or more "Potentially Significant
Impact" entries when the determination is made, an EIR is required.
4) "Negative Declaration: Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated" applies where the
incorporation of mitigation measures has reduced an effect from "Potentially Significant Impact" to a
"Less Than Significant Impact." The lead agency must describe the mitigation measures, and briefly
explain how they reduce the effect to a less than significant level (mitigation measures from "Earlier
Analyses," as described in (5) below, may be cross-referenced).
5) Earlier analyses may be used where, pursuant to the tiering, program EIR, or other CEQA process, an
effect has been adequately analyzed in an earlier EIR or negative declaration. Section 15063(c)(3)(D).
In this case, a brief discussion should identify the following:
a) Earlier Analysis Used. Identify and state where they are available for review.
b) Impacts Adequately Addressed. Identify which effects from the above checklist were within the
scope of and adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards,
and state whether such effects were addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier
analysis.
c) Mitigation Measures. For effects that are "Less than Significant with Mitigation Measures
Incorporated," describe the mitigation measures which were incorporated or refined from the
earlier document and the extent to which they address site -specific conditions for the project.
6) Lead agencies are encouraged to incorporate into the checklist references to information sources for
potential impacts (e.g., general plans, zoning ordinances). Reference to a previously prepared or
outside document should, where appropriate, include a reference to the page or pages where the
statement is substantiated.
7) Supporting Information Sources: A source list should be attached, and other sources used or
individuals contacted should be cited in the discussion.
8) This is only a suggested form, and lead agencies are free to use different formats; however, lead
agencies should normally address the questions from this checklist that are relevant to a project's
environmental effects in whatever format is selected.
9) The explanation of each issue should identify:
a) the significance criteria or threshold, if any, used to evaluate each question; and
b) the mitigation measure identified, if any, to reduce the impact to less than significance
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
I. Aesthetics
The City of Downey is a community located in southeast Los Angeles County. The neighborhood where the
Project is located contains primarily commercial uses and residential condos and apartments along
Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway in the City. Interstate 105 (I-105) and Interstate 710 (I-710)
are the nearest highways to the Project, with Interstate 605 (I-605) nearby to the east. Views from the
freeways would not be impacted by the Project. The topography of the Project area is flat.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant
No
Issues
Impact
Incorporated
Impact
Impact
I. AESTHETICS. Would the project:
a) Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista?
❑
❑
❑
b) Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited
❑
❑
❑
to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state
scenic highway?
c) Substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of
❑
the site and its surroundings?
d) Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would
❑
❑
❑
adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area?
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. The Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project is
designed to improve the intersection and the roadway within 300 feet of approach ends and 100 feet
of departure ends. The Project is designed to accommodate anticipated growth by adding dual left
turn pockets in the southbound direction along Paramount Boulevard and in the westbound direction
along Imperial Highway. All four legs of the intersection will be widened to provide sufficient road
width for vehicular U-turn movements. No scenic vistas are impacted by the Project, because it
consists primarily of street -level improvements. Therefore, there will be no impacts to any scenic
vista.
b) No Impact. The Project is not located within a state scenic highway. The I-710 and I-105 freeways are
located west and south of the Project site, but they are not designated as state scenic highways. The
Project will not affect scenic resources. Therefore, there will be no impact to scenic resources within
a state scenic highway.
c) No Impact. The Project is intended to improve the intersection to allow smoother traffic flow
through the area, upgrade bus shelters, and add decorative concrete crosswalks. The Project will
slightly impact adjacent uses through partial right of way acquisition, but will not alter the existing
visual character or quality of the surrounding uses. There will be no negative impacts on the existing
visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings.
d) No Impact. The Project is designed to improve the intersection and accommodate anticipated
growth. Lighting in the area will be upgraded but will not add a new source of substantial light to the
area. Therefore, no new source of lighting will create an increase in lighting or glare that would affect
daytime or nighttime views in the area. Therefore, there are no impacts from lighting in the Project
area.
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
II. Agriculture and Forestry Resources
The Agriculture and Forestry Resources section of this environmental document evaluates the impact the
proposed Project would have on farmland or forest resources.
Less Than
Potentially Significant with Less Than
Significant Mitigation Significant No
Issues Impact Incorporated Impact Impact
II. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY RESOURCES. In determining whether impacts to agricultural resources are significant
environmental effects, lead agencies may refer to the California Agricultural Land Evaluation and Site Assessment
Model (1997) prepared by the California Dept. of Conservation as an optional model to use in assessing impacts on
agriculture and farmland. In determining whether impacts to forest resources, including timberland, are significant
environmental effects, lead agencies may refer to information compiled by the California Department of Forestry
and Fire Protection regarding the state's inventory of forest land, including the Forest and Range Assessment
Project and the Forest Legacy Assessment project; and forest carbon measurement methodology provided in Forest
Protocols adopted by the California Air Resources Board. Would the project:
a) Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of ❑ ❑ ❑
Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps
prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring
Program of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural
use?
b) Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson ❑ ❑ ❑ rq
Act contract?
c) Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land ❑ ❑ ❑
(as defined in Public Resources Code §12220(g) ), timberland (as
defined by Public Resources Code §4526), or timberland zoned
Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code
§51104(g))?
d) Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to ❑ ❑ ❑
non -forest use?
e) Involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to ❑ ❑ ❑
their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland, to
non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non -forest
use?
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. The Project is an improvement of the intersection of Paramount Boulevard and Imperial
Highway designed to accommodate anticipated growth in traffic. The Project will improve the
existing streets by adding dual left turn lanes to accommodate vehicular U-turns and by adding
decorative concrete crosswalks at the intersection. The proposed Project would not convert prime
farmland or farmland of statewide importance as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the
Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency. No farmland or
agricultural land is affected by the Project. The Project does not convert any identified agricultural
land to non-agricultural use. Therefore, there is no impact on agricultural land.
b) No Impact. The Project involves improvements to an existing intersection within the City of Downey.
No Williamson Act contracts or existing zoning for agricultural use would be affected by the proposed
Project. Therefore, there are no impacts to agricultural land associated with the Project.
c) No Impact. The Project does not conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land,
timberland, or timberland zoned Timberland Production. The Project is located in an urbanized area
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
of the City of Downey and does not contain forest or timberland. The Project involves an urbanized
area of the City. Therefore, there are no Project impacts on forests or timberland resources.
d) No Impact. The Project will not involve loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non -forest
use. The Project will make improvements to the intersection of Paramount Boulevard and Imperial
Highway to improve traffic flow through the area. Therefore, there are no impacts to forest land by
the Project.
e) No Impact. The Project is located in an urbanized area of the City of Downey. There are no changes in
the existing environment triggered by the Project that would impact existing farmland or forest land
or result in the conversion of such lands to non-agricultural or non -forest uses. Therefore, there are
no impacts from the proposed Project.
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
III. Air Quality
The information and analysis presented in this Air Quality section are based on the air quality analysis
dated January 24, 2020 prepared by Giroux & Associates (Appendix A). The analysis considers the
requirements of the South Coast Air Quality Management District and the potential impacts of the Project
on local and regional air quality.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with Less Than
Significant
Mitigation Significant No
Issues Impact
Incorporated Impact Impact
III. AIR QUALITY. Where available, the significance criteria established by the applicable
air quality management or air
pollution control district may be relied upon to make the following determinations.
Would the project:
a) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air ❑
❑ ❑
quality plan?
b) Violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to an
❑
®
❑
❑
existing or projected air quality violation?
c) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria
❑
®
❑
❑
pollutant for which the project region is non -attainment under an
applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard (including
releasing emissions which exceed quantitative thresholds for
ozone precursors)?
d) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant
❑
®
❑
❑
concentrations?
e) Create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of
❑
❑
®
❑
people?
Atmospheric Setting
An Air Quality and GHG Impact Analysis by Giroux & Associates (dated January 24, 2020, Appendix A) was
prepared for the Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project. The analysis
considered the climatological setting of the Project site and examined the Clean Air Act requirements and
the air quality standards that would be applied to the Project. The analysis modeled the Project and
projected the air quality impacts that would be expected with implementation of the Project.
The North Pacific high-pressure cell is the dominant climatic influence over the eastern North Pacific
Ocean, particularly during the summer. This semi -permanent high-pressure cell produces a predominantly
northwesterly flow of maritime air over the coastal waters of California. During winter, the Pacific High
weakens and moves south, resulting in weaker and less persistent northwesterly winds along the California
coast than in the warmer half of the year.
As the air mass approaches the coast of California, this large-scale circulation pattern is modified by local
influences. The differential heating between the desert and the adjacent Pacific Ocean modifies the
prevailing winds, enhancing the winds during the warmer half of the year and weakening them during the
colder portion. On a localized and subregional basis, the airflow in California is channeled by its mountain
ranges and valleys. The coastal mountain ranges limit the flow of maritime air into the interior of California.
This transition from a cool and damp marine environment to a dry and warm continental climate therefore
occurs over a fairly short distance.
The South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) is a 6,600-square-mile coastal plain bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the
west and the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains to the north and east. The SCAB
includes all of Orange County and the non -desert portions of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino
counties. Basin -wide conditions are characterized by warm summers, mild winters, infrequent rainfall,
moderate onshore daytime breezes, and moderate humidities.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
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All seasons generally exhibit onshore flows during the day and offshore flows at night, after the land cools
below the temperature of the ocean. The likelihood of strong offshore flows, including Santa Ana winds, is
greater during winter than during summer (California Air Resources Board 1984).
The topography and climate of Southern California combine to produce unhealthful air quality in the South
Coast Air Basin. Low temperature inversion, light winds, shallow vertical mixing, and extensive sunlight, in
conjunction with topographical features such as adjacent mountain ranges that hinder dispersion of air
pollutants, combine to create degraded quality, especially in inland valleys of the basin.
Temperatures in Downey average a very comfortable 63 degrees year-round. Summer afternoons are
typically in the middle 80s, and winter mornings may drop to the low- to mid-40s. Significant extremes of
temperature are rare. Rainfall in Downey averages 14 inches during a normal year. Almost all the rainfall
comes from the fringes of mid -latitude storms from late November to early April with summers often
completely dry.
Winds in the Downey area blow primarily from southwest to northeast by day and from northeast to
southwest at night in response to the regional pattern of onshore flow by day and offshore flow at night.
Average wind speeds are 5 mph, reaching 8 to 10 mph in the afternoon, but dropping to near -calm
conditions at night. In the late afternoon, the winds from the southwest are replaced by a marine air "push"
from the South Bay around the northern side of the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Strongest onshore flow across
Downey in the late afternoon is, therefore, more from west-northwest.
Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS)
To gauge the significance of the air quality impacts of the proposed Project, those impacts, together with
existing background air quality levels, must be compared to the applicable ambient air quality standards.
These standards are the levels of air quality considered safe, with an adequate margin of safety, to protect
the public health and welfare. They are designed to protect those people most susceptible to further
respiratory distress such as asthmatics, the elderly, very young children, people already weakened by other
disease or illness, and persons engaged in strenuous work or exercise, called "sensitive receptors." Healthy
adults can tolerate occasional exposure to air pollutant concentrations considerably above these minimum
standards before adverse effects are observed. Recent research has shown, however, that chronic exposure
to ozone (the primary ingredient in photochemical smog) may lead to adverse respiratory health even at
concentrations close to the ambient standard.
National AAQS were established in 1971 for six pollution species, with states retaining the option to add
other pollutants, require more stringent compliance, or include different exposure periods. The initial
attainment deadline of 1977 was extended several times in air quality problem areas like Southern
California. In 2003, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) adopted a rule that extended and
established a new attainment deadline for ozone for the year 2021. Because the State of California had
established AAQS several years before the federal action, and because of unique air quality problems
introduced by the restrictive dispersion meteorology, there is considerable difference between state and
national clean air standards. Those standards currently in effect in California are shown in Table 1. Sources
and health effects of various pollutants are shown in Table 2.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Table 1— Ambient Air Quality Standards
Averaging
California Standards 1
National Standards
2
Pollutant
Time
Concentration 3
Method 4
Primary
Secondary Secondary 3�6
Method 7
1 Hour
0.09 porn (180 PgIM3)
—
Ozone (03)8
Ultraviolet
Same as
Ultraviolet
Photometry
Primary Standard
Photometry
8 Hour
0.070 ppm (137 pg/m 3)
0.070 ppm (137 pg1m)
Respirable
24 Hour
50 Pg1m3
150 Pg/M3
Inertial Separation
Particulate
Gravimetric or
Same as
and Gravimetric
Matter (PM10)s
Annual
20 pgfm3
Beta Attenuation
Primary Standard
Analysis
Arithmetic Mean
Fine
Particulate
24 Hour
35 pg/m"
Same 8
Primary Standard
Inertial Separation
Matter
Annual
12 pgtm3
Gravitnetric or
12.0 pg/m3
15 l 3
and Gravimetric
Analysis
(PM2.5�
Arithmetic Mean
Beta Attenuation
I Hour
20 ppm (23 mg/m)
35 ppm (40 mg/m)
—
Carbon
Non Dispersive
Non -Dispersive
Monoxide
8 Hour
9.0 PPM (10 Mg/h,l)
Infrared Photometry
9 ppm (10 mg1m3)
—
Infrared Photometry
(CO)
(NDIR)
(NDIR)
8 Hour
6 ppm(7 mg1m
—
—
(Lake Tahoe)
Nitrogen
I Hour
0.18 ppm (339 PgIM3)
100 ppb (188 Pg/M3)
—
Dioxide
Gas Phase
Gas Phase
(NO2)
Annual
0.030 dam (57 pg/m)
Chemiluminescence
0.053 porn (100 pg1rn 3)
Same as
Chemiluminescence
Arithmetic Arithmetic Mean
Primary Standard
1 Hour
0.25 ppm (655 pg/m 3
75 ppb (196 pg1m 3 )
— 1
0,5 ppm
Ultraviolet
Sulfur Dioxide
3 Hour
—
Ultraviolet
—
(1300 pg1m 3
Flourescence;
(S02)"
24 Hour
Fluorescence
0.14 ppm
S,etrphotomelry
(Pararosaniline
0.04 ppm (105 pg1m)
(for certain areas)"
Method)
Lead 12,13
Visibility
Reducing
ParticleS14
Annual
Arithmetic Mean
30 Day Average
Calendar Quader
Rolling 3-Month
Average
FIT mo
Sulfates 24 Hour
Hydrogen 1 Hour
Sulfide
Vinyl 24 Hour
Chloride'
See footnotes on next page ...
0.030 ppm
(for certain areas)"
1.5 pg/m3
1.5 Pg/m3
Atomic Absorption
(for certain areas)'
0.15 PgIM3
Beta Attenuation and
See footnote 14 Transmittance
through Filter Tape
25 pgtm3 Ion Chromatography
0.03 ppm (42 pglm3) Ultraviolet
Fluorescence
0.01 ppm (26 l Gas
Chromatography
For more information please catil ARB-P10 at (916) 322-2990
High Volume
Sampler and Atomic
Same as Absorption
Primary Standard
IM,10
I I, F 0=1 .
Standards
California Air Resources Board (5/4/16)
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
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Table 1 (continued)
1. California standards for ozone. carbon monoxide (except 8-hour Lake'lahoe), sulfur dioxide (1 and 24 hour), nitrogen dioxide, and
particulate iaaatter (PM10, PM2.5, and visibility reducing. particles), are values that are not to be exceeded. All others are not to be
equaled or exceeded. California ambient air quality standards are listed in the Table of Standards in Section 70200 of Title 17 of the
California Code of Regulations.
2- National standards (other than ozone, particulate matter. and those based on annual arithmetic mean) are not to be exceeded more than
once a year. The ozone standard is attained when the fourth highest 8-bour concentration measured at each site in a year, averaged over
three years, is equal to or less than the standard. For PM 10, the 24 hour standard is attained when the expected munber of days per
calendar year with a 24-hour average concentration above 150 ltghnI is equal to or less than one. For PM2.5, the 24 hour standard is
attained when 98 percent of the daily concentrations, averaged over three years, are equal to or less than the standard. Contact the UJ S.
EPA for Norther clarification and current national policies.
3. Concentration expressed first in units in which it was promulgated- Equivalent units given in parentheses are based upon a reference
temperature of 25°C and a reference pressure of 760 tom. Most measurements of air duality are to be corrected to a reference
temperature of 25°C and a reference pressure of 760 ton-, ppm in this table refers to ppm by volume, or MICTOYnoles of pollutant per mule
of gas.
4. Any equivalent measurement method which can be shown to the satisfaction of the ARB to give equivalent results at or near the level of
the air quality standard may be used.
5, National Primary !standards: The levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of safety to protect the public health.
6. National Secondary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary to protect the public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse
effects of pollutant
7, Reference method as described by the U.S. ITA. An "equivalent method" of measurement may be used but roust have a "consistent
relationship to the reference method" and must be approved by the U.S. EPA.
8. On October 1, 2015, the national 8-hour ozone primary and secondary standards were lowered from 0.075 to 0.070 ppm.
`j- On December 14. 2012, the national annual PM2.5 primary standard was lowered from 15 pg/mr to 12.0 pg/mj. The existing national 24-
hour PM2.5 standards (primary and secondary) were retained at 35 foul, as was the annual secondary standard of 15 Itg/ma. ,1he
existing 24-hour PM10 standards (primary and secondary) oi' 150 µghni also were retained. The form of the annual primary and
secondary standards is the annual mean, averaged over 3 years.
10. To attain the h-hour national standard, the 3-year average of the annual 98th percentile of the 1-hour daily maximum concentrations at
each site must not exceed 100 ppb. Note that the stational I -hour standard is in units of parts per billion (ppb). California standards are in
units of parts per million (ppm). To directly compare the national 1-hour standard to the Cali forma standards the units can be converted
from ppb to ppm. In this case, the national standard of 100 ppb is identical to 0.100 ppm.
11_ On Juric 2, 2010, a new 1-hour SO, standard was established and the existing 24-hour and annual primary standards were revoked. To
attain the 1-hour national standard, the 3-year average of the annual 99th percentile of the I -hour daily maximum concentrations at each
site must not exceed 75 ppb. The 1971 Sty, national standards (24-hour and annual) remain in effect until one year after an area is
designated f'or the 2010 standard, except that in areas designated nonattainmcnt for the 1971 standards, the 1971 standards remain in
effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2010 standards are approved.
Note that the 1-hour national standard is in units of parts per billion (ppb)- California standards are in units of parts per million (pprn)- To
directly compare the 1-hour national standard to the California standard the units can be converted to ppm. In this case, the national
standard of 75 ppb is identical to 0.075 ppm.
12. The ARB has identified lead and vinyl chloride as'toxic air contaminants' with no threshold level of exposure for adverse health effects
determined. 'these actions allow for the implementation of control measures at levels below the ambient concentrations specified for
these pollutants.
13. 7 he national standard for lead was revised, out October 15, 2008 to a rolling 3-motttli average. The 1978 lead standard (I S ltgfm- as a
quarterly average) remains in effect until one year after an area is designated for the 2008 standard, except that in areas designated
nonattainment for the 1978 standard, the 1978 standard remains in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2008
standard are approved-
14- In 1989, the ARB converted both the geueral statewide 10-mile visibility standard and the Lake t'ahoe 30anile visibility standard to
instrumental equivalents, which are "extinction of 0.23 per kilometer" and "extinction of 0.07 per kilometer" for the statewide and Lake
Tahoe Air Basin standards, respectively.
For inure information please call ARB-1`10 at (916) 322-2990 California Air Resources Board (5/4/16)
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Table 2 — Health Effects of Major Criteria Pollutants
Pollutants Sources
Carbon Monoxide • Incomplete combustion of fuels and other
(CO) carbon -containing substances, such as motor
exhaust.
• Natural events, such as decomposition of
organic matter.
Nitrogen Dioxide • Motor vehicle exhaust.
(NO2) • High temperature stationary combustion.
• Atmospheric reactions.
Ozone
(03)
Lead (Pb)
Fine Particulate Matter
(PM1o)
Fine Particulate Matter
(PM2.a)
Sulfur Dioxide
(SO2)
• Atmospheric reaction of organic gases with
nitrogen oxides in sunlight.
•
• Contaminated soil. •
• Stationary combustion of solid fuels. •
• Construction activities. •
• Industrial processes.
• Atmospheric chemical reactions. •
•
• Fuel combustion in motor vehicles, equipment, •
and industrial sources.
• Residential and agricultural burning.
• Industrial processes.
• Also, formed from photochemical reactions of
other pollutants, including NOx, sulfur oxides,
and organics.
• Combustion of sulfur -containing fossil fuels. •
• Smelting of sulfur -bearing metal ores.
• Industrial processes. •
•
Source: California Air Resources Board, 2002
Primary Effects
Reduced tolerance for exercise.
Impairment of mental function.
Impairment of fetal development.
Death at high levels of exposure.
Aggravation of some heart diseases (angina).
Aggravation of respiratory illness.
Reduced visibility.
Reduced plant growth.
Formation of acid rain.
Aggravation of respiratory and cardiovascular
diseases.
Irritation of eyes.
Impairment of cardiopulmonary function.
Plant leaf injury.
Impairment of blood function and nerve
construction.
Behavioral and hearing problems in children.
Reduced lung function.
Aggravation of the effects of gaseous
pollutants.
Aggravation of respiratory and cardio
respiratory diseases.
Increased cough and chest discomfort.
Soiling.
Reduced visibility.
Increases respiratory disease.
Lung damage.
Cancer and premature death.
Reduces visibility and results in surface soiling.
Aggravation of respiratory diseases (asthma,
emphysema).
Reduced lung function.
Irritation of eyes.
Reduced visibility.
Plant injury.
Deterioration of metals, textiles, leather,
finishes, coatings, etc.
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The Federal Clean Air Act Amendments Vf199Orequired tbatthcU.S.Bovbnonoeota|Protcctoo
Agency (EPA) review all national AA0Sinlight nfcurrently known health effects. EPA was charged with
modifying existing standards or promulgating new ones where appropriate. EPA subsequently developed
standards for chronic ozone exposure (8+ hours per day) and for very small diameter particulate matter
(called PM2,5). New national AAQS were adopted in 1997 for these pollutants.
Planning and enforcement of the federal standards for PM2.s and for ozone (8-hour) were challenged by
trucking and manufacturing organizations. In a unanimous decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that EPA
did not require specific congressional authorization to adopt national clean air standards. The Court also
ruled that health -based standards did not require preparation of a cost -benefit analysis. The Court did find,
however, that there was some inconsistency between existing and "new" standards in their required
attainment schedules. Such attainment -planning schedule inconsistencies centered mainly on the 8-hour
ozone standard. EPA subsequently agreed to downgrade the attainment designation for a large number of
communities to"ono-attainmueot"for the R-bnurozone standard.
Evaluation of the most current data on the health effects of inhalation of fine particulate matter prompted
the California Air Resources Board (ARB) to recommend adoption of the statewide PM2.5 standard that is
more stringent than the federal standard. This standard was adopted in 2002. The state PM2,5 standard is
more of a goal in that it does not have specific attainment planning requirements like a federal clean air
standard, but only requires continued progress towards attainment.
the ARB extensively evaluated health effects ofozone exposure. Anew state standard for an
8-hour ozone exposure was adopted in 2005, which aligned with the exposure period for the federal 8-hour
standard. The California 8-hour ozone standard of 0.07 ppm, is more stringent than the federal 8-hour
standard of 0.075 ppm. The state standard, however, does not have a specific attainment deadline.
California air quality jurisdictions are required to make steady progress towards attaining state standards,
but there are no hard deadlines or any consequences of non -attainment. During the same re-evaluation
process, the ARB adopted an annual state standard for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) that is more stringent than
the corresponding federal standard, and strengthened the state 1-hour NO2 standard.
Aspart of EPA's 2O02consent decree ouclean air standards, ufurther review ofairborne particulate
matter (PK4) and human health was initiated. Asubstantial modification nffederal clean air standards for
PM was promulgated in 2006. Standards for PM2.5 were strengthened, a new class of PM in the 2.5 to 10
micron size was created, some PM10 standards were revoked, and a distinction between rural and urban air
quality was adopted. In December 2012, the federal annual standard for PM2.S was reduced from 15 pg/M3
tnI2 �g/M3 which matches the California AAQS. The severity of the basin's non -attainment status for PM2.5
may be increased by this action and thus require accelerated planning for future PM2,s attainment.
lnresponse tocontinuing evidence that ozone exposure at levels just meeting federal clean air standards is
demonstrably unhealthful, EPA had proposed a further strengthening of the 8-hour standard. A new 8-hour
ozone standard was adopted in 2015 after extensive analysis and public input. The adopted national 8-hour
ozone standard is 0.07 ppm, which matches the current California standard. It will require 3 years of
ambient data collection, then 2 years of non -attainment findings and planning protocol adoption, then
several years of plan development and approval. Final air quality plans for the new standard are likely to be
adopted around 2022. Ultimate attainment of the new standard in ozone problem areas such as Southern
California might beafter 2O25.
In 2010 a new federal 1-hour primary standard for nitrogen dioxide (NO2)was adopted. This standard is
more stringent than the existing state standard. Based upon air quality monitoring data in the South Coast
Air Basin, the California Air Resources Board has requested the EPA to designate the basin as being in
attainment for this standard. The federal standard for sulfur dioxide(S0z)vvasalso recently revised.
However, with minimal combustion of coal and mandatory use of low sulfur fuels in California, S02 is
typically not aproblem pollutant.
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Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Baseline Air Quality
Long-term air quality monitoring is carried out by the South Coast Air Quality Management District
(SCAQMD) at various monitoring stations. No nearby stations monitor the full spectrum of pollutants.
Ozone, carbon monoxide, PM2.5 and nitrogen oxides are monitored at the Pico Rivera facility, while
10-micron diameter particulate matter (PMlo) is measured at the downtown Los Angeles station. Table 3
summarizes the last 5 years of monitoring data from a composite of these data resources. The following
conclusions can be drawn from this data:
1. Photochemical smog (ozone) levels occasionally exceed standards. The 8-hour state ozone standard
as well as the 1-hour state standard have been exceeded on approximately 2% of all days in the past
5 years. The 8-hour federal standard has been exceeded on less than 1% of days for the same period.
While ozone levels are still high, they are much lower than 10 to 20 years ago. Attainment of all clean
air standards in the Project vicinity is not likely to occur soon, but the severity and frequency of
violations is expected to continue to slowly decline during the current decade
2. Measurements of carbon monoxide have shown very low baseline levels in comparison to the most
stringent 1-hour and 8-hour standards.
3. Respirable dust (PM1o) levels exceed the state standard on approximately 8% of measurement days,
but the less stringent federal PM10 standard has not been violated once for the same period. Year-to-
year fluctuations of overall maximum 24-hour PMlo levels seem to follow no discernible trend,
though 2017 had the highest maximum 24-hour concentration and largest number of violations of
the state standard in recent history.
4. A substantial fraction of PM10 is made up of ultra -small diameter particulates capable of being inhaled
into deep lung tissue (PMz.$). Only six violations of the maximum 24-hour concentration of all
measurement days have occurred in the last 5 years. PM2.5 can be an occasional air quality concern in
the Project area.
Although complete attainment of every clean air standard is not yet imminent, extrapolation of the steady
improvement trend suggests that such attainment could occur within the reasonably near future.
Air Quality Planning
The Federal Clean Air Act (1977 Amendments) required that designated agencies in any area of the nation
not meeting national clean air standards must prepare a plan demonstrating the steps that would bring the
area into compliance with all national standards. The South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) could not meet the
deadlines for ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, or PMlo. In the SCAB, the agencies designated by
the governor to develop regional air quality plans are the SCAQMD and the Southern California Association
of Governments (SCAG). The two agencies first adopted an Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) in 1979
and revised it several times as earlier attainment forecasts were shown to be overly optimistic.
The 1990 Federal Clean Air Act Amendment (CAAA) required that all states with air -sheds with "serious"
or worse ozone problems submit a revision to the State Implementation Plan (SIP). Amendments to the SIP
have been proposed, revised, and approved over the past decade. The most current regional attainment
emissions forecast for ozone precursors (ROG and NOx) and for carbon monoxide (CO) and for particulate
matter are shown in Table 4. Substantial reductions in emissions of ROG, NOx and CO are forecast to
continue throughout the next several decades. Unless new particulate control programs are implemented,
PMlo and PMz.s are forecast to slightly increase.
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Table 3 - Air Quality Monitoring Summary (2014-2018), Number of Days Standards Were Exceeded
and Maximum Levels During Such Violations
Pollutant/Standard
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Ozone
1-hour > 0.09 ppm (S)
7
6
9
7
3
8-hour > 0.07 ppm (S)
7
11
6
9
5
8-hour > 0.075 ppm (F)
5
2
2
4
2
Maximum 1-hour concentration (ppm)
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
Maximum 8-hour concentration (ppm)
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.08
Carbon Monoxide
1 -hour > 20 ppm (S)
0
0
0
0
0
1 -hour > 9 ppm (S, F)
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum 8-hour concentration (ppm)
2.5
1.7
1.7
2.2
1.8
Nitrogen Dioxide
1-hour > 0.18 ppm (S)
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum 1-hour concentration (ppm)
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.08
Respirable Particulates (PM,o)
24-hour> 50 µg/m3 (S)
3/58
26/336
18/277
41/340
31/363
24-hour > 150 µg/m3 (F)
0/58
0/336
0/277
0/340
0/363
Maximum 24-hour concentration (µg/m3)
66.
88.
67.
96.
81.
Fine Particulates (PM2.5)
24-hour > 35 µg/m3 (F)
0/116
3/118
2/120
1/119
0/133
Maximum 24-hour concentration (µg/m3)
35.1
52.7
46.6
49.5
35.4
S=State Standard
F=Federal Standard
Source: South Coast AQMD - Pico Rivera Air Monitoring Station for Ozone,
CO, NOx and PM2.5
Downtown Los Angeles Monitoring Station for PM,o
data: www,arb.ca.gov/adam/
Table 4 - South Coast Air Basin Emissions Forecasts (Emissions in tons/day)
Pollutant 2015 a 2020 b
2025 b
2030 a
NOx 357 289
266
257
VOC 400 393
393
391
PMio 161 165
170
172
PM2.5 67 68
70
71
12015 Base Year.
b With current emissions reduction programs and adopted growth forecasts
Source: California Air Resources Board, 2013 Almanac of Air Quality
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The Air Quality Management District (AQMD) adopted an updated clean air "blueprint" in August 2003. The
2003 Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) was approved by the EPA in 2004. The AQMP outlined the air
pollution measures needed to meet federal health -based standards for ozone by 2010 and for particulates
(PM1o) by 2006. The 2003 AQMP was based upon the federal 1-hour ozone standard, which was revoked
late in 2005 and replaced by an 8-hour federal standard. Because of the revocation of the hourly standard, a
new air quality planning cycle was initiated.
With re -designation of the air basin as non -attainment for the 8-hour ozone standard, a new attainment
plan was developed. This plan shifted most of the 1-hour ozone standard attainment strategies to the
8-hour standard. As previously noted, the attainment date was to "slip" from 2010 to 2021. The updated
attainment plan also includes strategies for ultimately meeting the federal PM2.5 standard.
Because projected attainment by 2021 required control technologies that did not exist yet, the SCAQMD
requested a voluntary "bump -up" from a "severe non -attainment" area to an "extreme non -attainment"
designation for ozone. The extreme designation was to allow a longer time for these technologies to
develop. If attainment could not be demonstrated within the specified deadline without relying on "black -
box" measures, EPA would have been required to impose sanctions on the region if the bump -up request
had not been approved. In April 2010, the EPA approved the change in the non -attainment designation
from "severe-17" to "extreme." This reclassification set a later attainment deadline (2024), but also
required the air basin to adopt even more stringent emissions controls.
AQMPs are required to be updated every 3 years. The 2012 AQMP was adopted in early 2013. An updated
AQMP was required for completion in 2016. The 2016 AQMP was adopted by the SCAQMD Board in March
2017, and has been submitted the California Air Resources Board for forwarding to the EPA. The 2016
AQMP acknowledges that motor vehicle emissions have been effectively controlled and that reductions in
NOx, the continuing ozone problem pollutant, may need to come from major stationary sources (e.g., power
plants, refineries, landfill flares). The current attainment deadlines for all federal non -attainment pollutants
are now as follows:
8-hour ozone (70 ppb)
2032
Annual PM2.5 (12 µg/m3)
2025
8-hour ozone (75 ppb)
2024 (old standard)
1-hour ozone (120 ppb)
2023 (rescinded standard)
24-hour PM2.5 (35 µg/m3)
2019
The key challenge is that NOx emission levels, as a critical ozone precursor pollutant, are forecast to
continue to exceed the levels that would allow the above deadlines to be met. Unless additional stringent
NOx control measures are adopted and implemented, ozone attainment goals may not be met.
The proposed Project does not directly relate to the AQMP in that there are no specific air quality programs
or regulations governing roadway improvement. Conformity with adopted plans, forecasts, and programs
relative to population, housing, employment, and land use is the primary yardstick by which impact
significance of planned growth is determined. The SCAQMD, however, while acknowledging that the AQMP
is a growth -accommodating document, does not favor designating regional impacts as "Less Than
Significant" just because the proposed development is consistent with regional growth projections. Air
quality impact significance for the proposed Project has therefore been analyzed on a project -specific basis.
Air Quality Impact - Standards of Significance
Air quality impacts are considered "significant" if they cause clean air standards to be violated where they
are currently met, or if they "substantially" contribute to an existing violation of standards. Any substantial
emissions of air contaminants for which there is no safe exposure, or nuisance emissions such as dust or
odors, would also be considered a significant impact.
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Appendix G of the California CEQA Guidelines offers the following five tests of air quality impact
significance. A project would have a potentially significant impact if it:
a. Conflicts with or obstructs implementation of the applicable air quality plan.
b. Violates any air quality standard or contributes substantially to an existing or projected air
quality violation.
C. Results in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutants for which the
project region is non -attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality
standard (including releasing emissions which exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone
precursors).
d. Exposes sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations.
e. Creates objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people.
Primary Pollutants
Air quality impacts generally occur on two scales of motion. Near an individual source of emissions or a
collection of sources such as a crowded intersection or parking lot, levels of those pollutants that are
emitted in their already unhealthful form will be highest. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an example of such a
pollutant. Primary pollutant impacts can generally be evaluated directly in comparison to appropriate clean
air standards. Violations of these standards where they are currently met, or a measurable worsening of an
existing or future violation, would be considered a significant impact. Many particulates, especially fugitive
dust emissions, are also primary pollutants. Because of the non -attainment status of the South Coast Air
Basin (SCAB) for PMlo, an aggressive dust control program is required to control fugitive dust during
Project construction.
Secondary Pollutants
Many pollutants, however, require time to transform from a more benign form to a more unhealthful
contaminant. Their impact occurs regionally far from the source. Their incremental regional impact is
minimal on an individual basis and cannot be quantified except through complex photochemical computer
models. Analysis of significance of such emissions is based upon a specified amount of emissions (e.g.,
pounds or tons) even though there is no way to translate those emissions directly into a corresponding
ambient air quality impact.
Because of the chemical complexity of primary versus secondary pollutants, the SCAQMD has designated
significant emissions levels as surrogates for evaluating regional air quality impact significance
independent of chemical transformation processes. Projects with daily emissions that exceed any of the
following emission thresholds are recommended by the SCAQMD to be considered significant under CEQA
guidelines.
Table 5 — Daily Emissions Thresholds
Pollutant
Construction
Operations
ROG
75
55
NOx
100
55
CO
550
550
PM10
150
150
PM2.e
55
55
sox
150
150
Lead
3
3
Source: SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook, November 1993 Rev.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Additional Indicators
In its CEQA Handbook, the SCAQMD states that additional indicators should be used as screening criteria to
determine the need for further analysis with respect to air quality. The additional indicators are as follows:
Project could interfere with the attainment of the federal or state ambient air quality standards
by either violating or contributing to an existing or projected air quality violation
Project could result in population increases within the regional statistical area which would be
in excess of that projected in the AQMP and in other than planned locations for the project's
build -out year.
Project could generate vehicle trips that cause a CO hot spot.
Roadway improvements are not anticipated to substantially alter traffic flow and associated air pollution
emissions. Any measurable air quality impacts would therefore likely only result from Project construction
activities.
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. An Air Quality Study dated January 24, 2020 (Appendix A) prepared by Giroux &
Associates analyzed the air quality impacts from the proposed Paramount Boulevard/Imperial
Highway Intersection Improvement Project even though the proposed improvements do not directly
relate to the AQMP in that there are no specific air quality programs or regulations governing general
road improvements. Conformity with adopted plans, forecasts, and programs relative to population,
housing, employment, and land use is the primary yardstick by which impact significance of Projects
is determined. Therefore, the Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement
Project has no impact on implementation of nor is in conflict with the applicable air quality plan for
the South Coast Air Basin.
b) Less Than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated. The Project involves the
improvement of the Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway intersection in the City of Downey.
Air quality impacts are considered "significant" if they cause clean air standards to be violated where
they are currently met, or if they "substantially" contribute to an existing violation of standards. Any
substantial emissions of air contaminants for which there is no safe exposure, or nuisance emissions
such as dust or odors, would also be considered a significant impact. Impacts from the proposed
Project are considered from construction activities as well as future operation of the redesigned
intersection.
Construction Activity Impacts
CaIEEMod was developed by the SCAQMD to provide a computer model by which to calculate construction
emissions and operational emissions from a variety of land use projects. It calculates the daily maximum
and annual average emissions for criteria pollutants as well as total or annual greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions.
Although exhaust emissions will result from on -site and off -site construction equipment, the exact types
and numbers of equipment will vary among contractors such that such emissions cannot be quantified with
certainty. Estimated construction emissions were modeled using CaIEEMod2016.3.1 to identify maximum
daily emissions for each pollutant during Project construction using an equipment fleet for typical project
activities.
All four legs of the intersection will be widened to provide sufficient road width for vehicular U-turn
movements. The intersection itself will be reconstructed with concrete pavement, and decorative concrete
IWQ
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
crosswalks will be added along with modified traffic signals and striping, signing and pavement markings,
street lighting, and upgraded bus shelters and furnishings.
Project construction is expected to require 6 months. The durations and equipment shown in Table 6 were
modeled in CalEEMod for this Project.
Table 6 — Construction Activity Equipment Fleet
Phase Name and Duration
Equipment
Demo (30 days)
1 concrete saw
1 dozer
3 loader/backhoes
Grading (30 days)
1 grader
1 dozer
1 loader/backhoe
Underground Utilities (30 days)
1 crane
1 welder
1 forklift
Paving and Median Construction
1 mixer
(3 months)
1 paver
1 paving equipment
1 rollers
1 loader/backhoe
Utilizing this indicated equipment fleet and durations shown above, the following worst -case daily
construction emissions are calculated by CaIEEMod as shown in Table 7.
Table 7 — Construction Activity Emissions, Maximum Daily Emissions (pounds/day)
Maximal Construction Emissions
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
PM10
PM2.5
Year2021
Unmitigated
2.2
19.8
16.0
0.0
5.7
3.2
Mitigated
2.2
19.8
16.0
0.0
2.9
1.7
LSCAQMD Thresholds
j 75
100
550
150
150
55
Peak daily construction activity emissions are estimated to be well below SCAQMD CEQA thresholds
without the need for added mitigation. The only model -based mitigation measure applied for this Project
was watering exposed dirt surfaces at least three times per day to minimize the generation of fugitive dust
generation during grading.
Construction equipment exhaust contains carcinogenic compounds within the diesel exhaust particulates.
The toxicity of diesel exhaust is evaluated relative to a 24-hour per day, 365 days per year, 70-year lifetime
exposure. The SCAQMD does not generally require the analysis of construction -related diesel emissions
relative to health risk due to the short period for which the majority of diesel exhaust would occur. Health
risk analyses are typically assessed over a 9-, 30-, or 70-year timeframe and not over a relatively brief
construction period due to the lack of health risk associated with such a brief exposure.
Localized Significance Thresholds
The SCAQMD has developed analysis parameters to evaluate ambient air quality on a local level in addition
to the more regional emissions -based thresholds of significance. These analysis elements are called
Localized Significance Thresholds (LSTs). LSTs were developed in response to Governing Board's
Environmental justice Enhancement Initiative 1-4 and the LST methodology was provisionally adopted in
October 2003 and formally approved by SCAQMD's Mobile Source Committee in February 2005.
NJ
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Use of an LST analysis for a project is optional. For the proposed Project, the primary source of possible LST
impact would be during construction. LSTs are applicable for a sensitive receptor where it is possible that
an individual could remain for 24 hours such as a residence, a hospital, or a convalescent facility.
LSTs are only applicable to the following criteria pollutants: oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide
(CO), and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5). LSTs represent the maximum emissions from a project that
are not expected to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the most stringent applicable federal or state
ambient air quality standard, and are developed based on the ambient concentrations of that pollutant for
each source receptor area and distance to the nearest sensitive receptor.
LST screening tables are available for 25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 meter source -receptor distances. For this
Project the adjacent residential uses are considered the closest sensitive receptors such that the most
conservative 25-meter distance was modeled. LST pollutant screening level concentration data is also
dependent on site size. For this Project data for the most conservative 1-acre site was used.
The following thresholds and emissions in Table 8 are therefore determined (pounds per day):
Table 8 — LST and Project Emissions (pounds/day)
LST 1.0 acresl25 meters, SE LA County
CO
NOx
PM-10
PM-2.5
Allowable On -Site Emissions
571
80
4
3
Modeled On -Site Emissions
Unmitigated
16
20
6
3
Mitigated
16
20
3
2
CaIEEMod Output in Appendix
LSTs were compared to the maximum daily construction activities. As seen above, emissions will meet the
LST for construction thresholds with the application of the following mitigation measure:
Exposed surfaces will be watered three times per day during grading activities
LST impacts are less -than -significant with the application of this mitigation measure.
Operational Impacts
No substantial changes in traffic patterns would result from Project implementation. Minimal changes in
roadway utilization would result from traffic flow improvements, enhanced aesthetics, and small safety
benefits. Because the vehicular wait time at the intersection would decrease as evidenced by the LOS data,
the Project is considered "air quality positive." Operational air quality impacts would not be considered
"substantial" in a CEQA sense.
However, the following mitigation measures are recommended to reduce dust emissions and ozone
precursor emissions (ROG and NOx). Construction activities are not anticipated to cause dust emissions to
exceed SCAQMD CEQA thresholds. Nevertheless, emissions minimization through enhanced dust control
measures is recommended for use because of the non -attainment status of the air basin. Similarly, ozone
precursor emissions (ROG and NOx) are calculated to be below SCAQMD CEQA thresholds. However,
because of the regional non -attainment for photochemical smog, the use of reasonably available control
measures for diesel exhaust is recommended.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Mitigation Measures
MM-AQ-1- Fugitive Dust Control. Implement the following mitigation measures during Project
construction for dust emissions control:
• Apply soil stabilizers or moisten inactive areas.
• Prepare a high wind dust control plan.
• Address previously disturbed areas if subsequent construction is delayed.
• Water exposed surfaces as needed to avoid visible dust leaving the construction site
(typically 2 to 3 times per day).
• Cover all stock piles with tarps at the end of each day or as needed.
• Provide water spray during loading and unloading of earthen materials.
• Minimize in/out traffic from construction zone.
• Cover all trucks hauling dirt, sand, or loose material and require all trucks to maintain at
least 2 feet of freeboard.
• Sweep streets daily if visible soil material is carried out from the construction site.
MM-AQ-2 - Exhaust Emissions Control. Implement the following mitigation measures during
Project construction for exhaust emissions control:
• Utilize well -tuned off -road construction equipment.
• Establish a preference for contractors using Tier 3 or better heavy equipment.
• Enforce 5-minute idling limits for on -road trucks and off -road equipment.
c) Less Than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated. The Project would not result in a
cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the SCAB is non -attainment
under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard with the implementation of
mitigation measures included in Section III.b) above. Those mitigation measures reduce dust and
exhaust emissions to a less than significant level.
d) Less Than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated. Air quality impacts are analyzed
relative to those persons with the greatest sensitivity to air pollution exposure. Such persons are
called "sensitive receptors." Sensitive population groups include young children, the elderly, and the
acutely and chronically ill (especially those with cardio-respiratory disease).
Residential areas are considered to be sensitive to air pollution exposure because they may be
occupied for extended periods, and residents may be outdoors when exposure is highest. Schools are
similarly considered to be sensitive receptors. The closest existing sensitive uses to the proposed
Project are the residential areas adjacent to or near the Project on three of the four intersection legs.
That includes north, east and south of the intersection Project.
Dust is typically the primary concern during construction of road projects and infrastructure. Because
such emissions are not amenable to collection and discharge through a controlled source, they are
called "fugitive emissions." Emissions rates vary as a function of many parameters, such as soil silt,
soil moisture, wind speed, area disturbed, number of vehicles, depth of disturbance or excavation.
Because of the inherent uncertainty in the predictive factors for estimating fugitive dust generation,
regulatory agencies typically use one universal "default" factor based on the area disturbed, assuming
that all other input parameters into emission rate prediction fall into midrange average values.
Construction activities on the Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement
Project are not anticipated to cause dust emissions to exceed SCAQMD CEQA thresholds.
Nevertheless, mitigation through enhanced dust control measures is recommended for use because of
the non -attainment status of the air basin and the proximity of existing residences. Mitigation
measures are recommended above under Section III.b) to further reduce short-term impacts
23
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
associated with construction emissions in compliance with the SCAQMD. Therefore, less than
significant impacts to this topical area would result from the Project with implementation of the
mitigation measures.
Similarly, ozone precursor emissions (ROG and NOx) are calculated to be below SCAQMD CEQA
thresholds. However, because of the regional non -attainment for photochemical smog, the use of
reasonably available control measures for diesel exhaust is recommended.
e) Less Than Significant Impact. The Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection
Improvement Project will not create any objectionable odors. A mitigation measure has been
presented in Section III.b) above requiring compliance with SCAQMD Rule 402 (Nuisance). The
proposed mitigation measures will reduce the impact of diesel exhaust from construction activities to
a less than significant level. Therefore, the proposed Project will not result in any significant impacts
of objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people.
24
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
IV. Biological Resources
The Biological Resources section analyzes the potential impact of the Project on wildlife and plant
resources within the Project area. The Project site is primarily developed with existing commercial and
residential uses.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant
No
Issues
Impact
Incorporated
Impact
Impact
IV. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES: Would the project:
a) Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through
❑
El
❑
rq
habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate,
sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans,
policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish
and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?
b) Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other
❑
❑
❑
sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans,
policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and
Game or US Fish and Wildlife Service?
c)
Have a substantial adverse effect on federally protected wetlands
❑
❑
❑
as defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (including, but
not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct
removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means?
d)
Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident
❑
❑
❑
rq
or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native
resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of
native wildlife nursery sites?
e)
Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological
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rq
resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance?
f)
Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation
❑
❑
❑
Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved
local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan?
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. The Project involves improvements to the intersection of Paramount Boulevard and
Imperial Highway in the City of Downey to accommodate anticipated growth in traffic through 2035.
The proposed intersection Project will not have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or
through habitat modifications, on any species identified as candidate, sensitive, or special status
species in local or regional plans, policies or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and
Wildlife or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Project involves the intersection primarily within
300 feet on approach ends and 100 feet on departure ends. There is no candidate or special status
species in the Project area, and no habitat will be disturbed as a result of the Project. Therefore, there
will be no impact on any species as a result of this Project, and no further analysis is needed.
b) No Impact. There is no riparian habitat located within the Project site nor any other sensitive natural
communities identified in local, regional, state, or federal plans would be affected by the Project. The
Project involves improvement of an existing street intersection and does not impact biological
resources. Therefore, no impacts will result in this area and no further analysis is necessary.
c) No Impact. The Project will not have an adverse impact on federally protected wetlands as defined
by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. There will be no direct removal, filling, or hydrological
interruption to any of these resources. Therefore, the Project has no impact.
25
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
dl No Impact. The proposed Project isthe improvement nftbcb'tersectionofparao'000tBoolevard
and Imperial Highway iothe City ofDowney. The area surrounding the intersection is developed with
commercial businesses and apartments and condos. There are oo migratorywildlife corridors, and
the Project would not interfere with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife
species. Therefore, the Project will carry no impacts, and there is no further need for additional
analysis.
el No Impact. The Project does not conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological
resources, such as local tree preservation policies or ordinances. No trees are proposed for removal
as part of the Project. Therefore, there is no impact and there is no need of further analysis.
D No Impact. There are no Habitat Conservation Plans, Natural Community Conservation Plans, or
other approved local, regional or state habitat conservation plans in the Project area. Therefore, there
will bono impacts from the Project iuthis issue area.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
V. Cultural Resources
The Cultural Resources section analyzes impacts on historical resources in the Project site. The Project site
has been previously graded to support the intersection and roadways that currently exist. None of the
structures located on the adjacent parcels are listed as historical structures by the City of Downey.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant
No
|ooueo
Impact
Incorporated
Impact
Impact
V.
CULTURAL RESOURCES. Would the project:
a)
Cause asubstantial adverse change inthe significance nfa
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historical resource as defined in§15O64.5?
b)
Cause asubstantial adverse change inthe significance ofan
El
El
El
M
archaeological resource pursuant to §15064.5?
c)
Directly orindirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or
U ��
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site nrunique geologic feature?
d)
Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside nf
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dedicated cemeteries?
Impacts Analysis
al No Impact. An Archaeological Assessment for the Proposed Paramount Boulevard/Imperial
Intersection Improvement Project was completed by Carol R. Demcak of ARMC on December 9, 2019
(Appendix B). The Assessment included archival research at the City of Downey and at the South
Central Coastal Information Center at the Department of Anthropology, California State University,
Fullerton. The Assessment also included a field survey of the Project area.
The ArchaeologicalAssessment found that no significant archaeological resources were recorded
within a one-half mile radius of the Project area. No previously unrecorded archaeologicalresources
were discovered during the field survey. Thus, no adverse impacts to significant archaeological
resources are predicted for the proposed Project.
The Project inaproposed improvement tnthe intersection ofParamount Boulevard/Imperial
Highway that would add two left -turn pockets and some additional right ufway toallow U-turn
movements. The Project is located in the southwest area of the City of Downey. The Project would not
cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource. There are nolisted
significant historical resources in the area of commercial establishments, apartments and condos that
surround the Project site. Therefore, there will be no impacts from the Project on historical resources.
N No Impact. The Project will impact an area that has previously been graded and developed in
connection with the existing intersection and developed areas. There are unideutdfiedarchaeological
resources within the street alignment that is the Project site. Therefore, the Project will not impact or
cause an adverse change in the significance of any archaeological resources.
c) No Impact. The Project will not directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or
site orunique geologic feature.TbeProlcctiovohestbeiropnnvcnneutofnoexisdogiotcroecdnuin
the City o[Downey. There are no unique paleontological features or resources in the area impacted
bythe Project. Therefore, there will beuoimpacts jothis issue area.
d) No Impact. There are ooknown cemeteries orburial grounds within the Project area oradjacent to
it. The Project involves intersection improvements tostreets that exist today, and the Project
envelope is primarily the existing street right of way. It is not anticipated that there will be any issues
involving human remains since the Project site has previously been graded and developed with the
existing Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway. Therefore, there will beooimpacts iothis issue
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
VI. Energy
Issues
VI. ENERGY. Would the project:
a) Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to
wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy
resources, during project construction or operation?
b) Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable
energy or nergy efficiency?
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant
No
Impact
Incorporated
Impact
Impact
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. The project involves improvements to the intersection of Paramount Boulevard and
Imperial Highway in the City of Downey. There will not be any wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary
consumption of energy resources during project construction or operation. Therefore, there will be
no impacts.
b) No Impact. The project will not conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or
energy efficiency. Therefore, there is no impact.
28
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
VII. Geology and Soils
The Geology and Soils section evaluates the potential impacts of Southern California's seismic events on the
Project. The analysis is based largely on the City's Vision 2025 General Plan and the Environmental Impact
Report supporting it that were completed in 2005 and regional mapping of fault lines and historical
earthquake information. The analysis includes the range of geotechnical events that could impact the
Project site.
Issues
VII. GEOLOGY AND SOILS. Would the project:
a) Expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse
effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving:
i) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the
most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map
issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other
substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of
Mines and Geology Special Publication 42.
ii) Strong seismic ground shaking?
iii) Seismic -related ground failure, including liquefaction?
iv) Landslides?
b) Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil?
c) Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would
become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result
in on- or off -site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence,
liquefaction or collapse?
d) Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1-B of the
Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial risks to life or
property?
e) Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic
tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems where sewers
are not available for the disposal of waste water?
Less Than
Potentially Significant with Less Than
Significant Mitigation Significant No
Impact Incorporated Impact Impact
❑ ❑ ® ❑
❑
❑
®
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑ ❑ ❑ rq
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
Impacts Analysis
a) The City of Downey, as all of Southern California, is impacted by earthquake faults that exist across
the region. The most significant is the San Andreas Fault that is located approximately 40 miles to the
northeast of the City. The San Andreas Fault has a very high potential for large-scale movement in the
near future.' There are additional faults that have the potential to impact the City of Downey. The
Compton -Los Alamitos Fault and the Newport -Inglewood Fault are located six and ten miles
southwest of the City, respectively. These two faults have the greatest potential to impact the City of
Downey. There are several other faults that could generate seismic activity that could impact the City.
i) Less Than Significant Impact. No area of the City is listed in the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake
Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist (General Plan EIR, page 5-19). Therefore, actual
rupture of a known earthquake fault within the City limits is less than significant.
ii) Less Than Significant Impact. The potential for strong seismic ground shaking exists in the
City of Downey. However, the Project involves no buildings and proposes only improvements to
the intersection of Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway. Therefore, the Project is
1 Downey Vision 2025 General Plan, January 2005, page 5-17 and General Plan EIR, page 5-19.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
susceptible to minimal impacts from ground shaking and rupture since the Project is not
located in an earthquake fault zone.
iii) Less Than Significant Impact. The Project area is identified as a liquefaction zone in the
Liquefaction Zones map of the General Plan EIR (Figure 5.2-2). While the soils texture in the
Project area contains sandy silt and silty clay, it is not considered a significant impact, because
the Project involves no structures and would only improve an existing intersection of roads.
Additionally, compliance with General Plan Goals and Policies as well as with existing codes and
regulations will ensure that potential impacts from liquefaction will be less than significant.
Therefore, liquefaction potential of the Project is considered less than significant.
iv) No Impact. The Project site is essentially flat and carries no potential for landslides triggered by
seismic activity. Therefore, there is no impact in this issue area.
b) No Impact. The Project focuses on intersection improvements to Paramount Boulevard and Imperial
Highway. The Project location is basically level, and measures will be implemented to prevent soil
erosion during construction. Therefore, there are no impacts related to erosion and loss of topsoil.
c) No Impact. The Project location is currently on typical soil found in the surrounding area that does
not contain unstable soil or soil that could become unstable as a result of the Project. The Project area
is considered at risk for liquefaction, but not f or landslide activity. The intersection will be modified
in the footprint primarily where it exists today and ground disturbance will be minimal. Therefore,
there are no impacts from the result of the geology of the area where the Project is located.
d) No Impact. The Project is not located on expansive soil. The intersection of Paramount Boulevard
and Imperial Highway has existed on the site for decades and is merely being reconfigured to
accommodate anticipated growth. Therefore, there will be no impacts related to expansive soils.
e) No Impact. This is an existing street improvement Project that will not use or construct septic tanks
in the Project area. Sewer systems connected to the City sewer system already exist in the Project
area and serve adjacent commercial and residential buildings. Soils incapable of adequately
supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems are not an issue.
Therefore, there will be no impacts in this area.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
VIII. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The Greenhouse Gas Emissions section analyzes the impact the proposed Project would
have on emissions
suspected in the issue of climate change around the world. The Project was analyzed within the Air Quality
Study conducted by Giroux & Associates and included as Appendix A of this document.
Less Than
Potentially Significant with
Less Than
Significant Mitigation
Significant No
Issues Impact Incorporated
Impact Impact
Vill. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. Would the project:
a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, ❑ El
El
that may have a significant impact on the environment?
b) Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for ❑ El
El
the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases?
Impacts Analysis
a) Less Than Significant Impact. "Greenhouse gases" (so called because of their role in trapping heat
near the surface of the earth) emitted by human activity are implicated in global climate change,
commonly referred to as "global warming." These greenhouse gases contribute to an increase in the
temperature of the earth's atmosphere by transparency to short wavelength visible sunlight, but near
opacity to outgoing terrestrial long wavelength heat radiation in some parts of the infrared spectrum.
The principal greenhouse gases (GHGs) are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water
vapor. For purposes of planning and regulation, §15364.5 of the California Code of Regulations
defines GHGs to include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons,
perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Fossil fuel consumption in the transportation sector (on -
road motor vehicles, off -highway mobile sources, and aircraft) is the single largest source of GHG
emissions, accounting for approximately half of GHG emissions globally. Industrial and commercial
sources are the second largest contributors of GHG emissions with about one-fourth of total
emissions.
California has passed several bills and the Governor has signed at least three executive orders
regarding greenhouse gases. GHG statues and executive orders (EO) include AB 32, SB 1368,
EO S-03-05, EO S-20-06, and EO S-01-07.
AB 32 is one of the most significant pieces of environmental legislation that California has adopted.
Among other things, it is designed to maintain California's reputation as a "national and international
leader on energy conservation and environmental stewardship." It will have wide-ranging effects on
California businesses and lifestyles, as well as far-reaching effects on other states and countries. A
unique aspect of AB 32, beyond its broad and wide-ranging mandatory provisions and dramatic GHG
reductions are the short time frames within which it must be implemented. Major components of the
AB 32 include:
• Requires the monitoring and reporting of GHG emissions beginning with sources or
categories of sources that contribute the most to statewide emissions.
• Requires immediate "early action" control programs on the most readily controlled GHG
sources.
• Mandates that by 2 02 0, California's GHG emissions be reduced to 1990 levels.
• Forces an overall reduction of GHG gases in California by 25-40%, from business as usual,
to be achieved by 2020.
• Must complement efforts to achieve and maintain federal and state ambient air quality
standards and to reduce toxic air contaminants.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Statewide, the framework for developing the implementing regulations for AB 32 is under way.
Maximum GHG reductions are expected to derive from increased vehicle fuel efficiency, from greater
use of renewable energy and from increased structural energy efficiency. Additionally, through the
California Climate Action Registry (CCAR now called the Climate Action Reserve), general and
industry -specific protocols for assessing and reporting GHG emissions have been developed. GHG
sources are categorized into direct sources (i.e., company owned) and indirect sources (i.e. not
company owned). Direct sources include combustion emissions from on -and off -road mobile sources,
and fugitive emissions. Indirect sources include off -site electricity generation and non -company
owned mobile sources.
Thresholds of Significance
In response to the requirements of S1397, the State Resources Agency developed guidelines for the
treatment of GHG emissions under CEQA. These new guidelines became state laws as part of Title 14
of the California Code of Regulations in March 2010. The CEQA Appendix G guidelines were modified
to include GHG as a required analysis element. A project would have a potentially significant impact if
it:
Generates GHG emissions, directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the
environment, or,
Conflicts with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted to reduce GHG emissions.
Section 15064.4 of the California Code of Regulations specifies how significance of GHG emissions is
to be evaluated. The process is broken down into quantifying project -related GHG emissions, making
a determination of significance, and specifying appropriate mitigation if impacts are found to be
potentially significant. At each of these steps, the new GHG guidelines afford the lead agency with
substantial flexibility.
Emissions identification may be quantitative, qualitative or based on performance standards. CEQA
guidelines allow the lead agency to "select the model or methodology it considers most appropriate."
The most common practice for transportation/combustion GHG emissions quantification is to use a
computer model such as CaIEEMod, as was used in the ensuing analysis.
The significance of those emissions then must be evaluated; the selection of a threshold of
significance must take into consideration what level of GHG emissions would be cumulatively
considerable. The guidelines are clear that they do not support a zero net emissions threshold. If the
lead agency does not have sufficient expertise in evaluating GHG impacts, it may rely on thresholds
adopted by an agency with greater expertise.
On December 5, 2008, the SCAQMD Governing Board adopted an Interim quantitative GHG
Significance Threshold for industrial projects where the SCAQMD is the lead agency (e.g., stationary
source permit projects, rules, plans) of 10,000 metric tons (MT) CO2 equivalent per year. In
September 2010, the SCAQMD CEQA Significance Thresholds GHG Working Group released revisions
that recommended a threshold of 3,000 MT CO2e for all land use projects. This 3,000 MT/year
recommendation has been used as a guideline for this analysis. In the absence of an adopted
numerical threshold of significance, project related GHG emissions in excess of the guideline level are
presumed to trigger a requirement for enhanced GHG reduction at the project level.
Construction Activity GHG Emissions
The Project is assumed to be built in approximately six months. During Project construction, the
CalEEMOd2016.3.2 computer model predicts that the construction activities will generate the annual
CO2e emissions identified below.
32
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Table 9 — Construction Emissions (Metric Tons COze)
CO2e
Year 2021 102.9
Amortized 3.4
CaIEEMod Output provided in appendix
SCAQMD GHG emissions policy from construction activities is to amortize emissions over a 30-year
lifetime. The amortized level is also provided. GHG impacts from construction are less than
significant. Hence, the Project will not result in generation of a significant level of greenhouse gases.
b) Less Than Significant Impact. The City of Downey adopted an Energy Action Plan in 2017 focusing
on the energy efficiency as a means to lower GHG emissions. However, this approach is not applicable
for this roadway improvement project, which will have no associated operational emissions. The City
has not adopted regulations for the purpose of reducing GHGs applicable to this Project. The
applicable GHG planning document is AB 32. As discussed above, the Project is not expected to result
in a significant increase in GHG emissions. As a result, the Project results in GHG emissions below the
recommended SCAQMD 3,000-ton threshold. Therefore, the Project would not conflict with any
applicable plan, policy, or regulation to reduce GHG emissions.
33
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
IX. Hazards and Hazardous Materials
The Hazards and Hazardous Materials section of this document evaluates
any potential
impacts from
hazardous substances caused by the Project. The section analyzes any potential impacts from the use of
hazardous substances involved in construction activities such as storage of gasoline or oils related to
construction equipment.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant No
Issues
Impact
Incorporated
Impact Impact
IX. HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. Would the project:
a) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment
❑
❑
❑ rq
through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous
materials?
b) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment
❑
®
❑ ❑
through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions
involving the release of hazardous materials into the
environment?
c) Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely
❑
El®
❑
hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one -quarter
mile of an existing or proposed school?
d) Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous
❑
❑
❑
materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code §65962.5
and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public
or the environment?
e) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where
❑
❑
❑
such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public
airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety
hazard for people residing or working in the project area?
f) Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted
❑
❑
❑
emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?
g) Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or
❑
❑
❑
death involving wildland fires, including where wildlands are
adjacent to urbanized areas or where residences are intermixed
with wildlands?
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. The Project is an improvement of the intersection of Paramount Boulevard and Imperial
Highway. The Project does not involve the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials
that would create a significant hazard to the public. Therefore, there are no impacts from routine
transport, use or disposal of hazardous materials.
b) Less Than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated. While the Project is primarily an
intersection improvement project, there is the possibility that fuels, oils, and other hazardous
materials could be stored on the Project site during construction. It is a possibility that the storage of
these materials could lead to an accidental spill that could create a hazard to the environment.
Therefore, the following mitigation measure is offered to reduce the significance of this risk to a less
than significant level.
34
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measures are required to reduce potential impacts related to hazards and
hazardous materials to a less than significant level.
MM-HAZ-1- Hazmat Storage. During the Project the applicant shall ensure that grading and street
improvement plans include the following measures and that the measures shall be followed by
the construction contractor and crew: a) the storage of hazardous materials, chemicals, fuels,
and oils and fueling of construction equipment shall be a minimum of 45 meters (150 feet)
from any drainage, water supply, or other water features; b) hazardous materials stored on -
site shall be stored in a neat, orderly manner in appropriate containers and, if possible, under a
roof or other enclosure; c) whenever possible, all of a product shall be used up before disposal
of its container; d) if surplus product must be disposed of, the manufacturer's or the local and
state recommended methods for disposal shall be followed; e) spills shall be contained and
cleaned up immediately after discovery. Manufacturer's methods for spill cleanup of a material
shall be followed as described on the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for each product.
c) Less Than Significant Impact. Two schools are located within one -quarter mile of the Paramount
Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project. Imperial Elementary School is
located at 8133 Imperial Highway and St. Raymond School is located at 12320 Paramount Boulevard,
both in the City of Downey. Schools are considered a sensitive receptor and must be considered when
evaluating the potential for accidental upset of hazardous materials. While there are schools within
one -quarter mile of the Project site, Mitigation Measure HAZ-1 above, as well as Mitigation Measure
AQ-2 directed at vehicle emissions, should reduce any potential impacts.
d) No Impact. The Project site itself is not included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled
pursuant to California Government Code §65962.5. Two sites adjacent to the Project area at 8010
Imperial Highway and 12603 Paramount Boulevard were former gas stations that were listed for a
leaking underground storage tank. However, the sites have been cleaned up and the cases closed in
2012 and 2008, respectively .z Therefore, there are no impacts from any hazardous materials sites
that exist on the Project site.
e) No Impact. The Project is not located within an airport land use plan and there is no public airport or
public use airport located within two miles of the Project site. The Project would not result in a safety
hazard for people residing in or working in the Project area. Therefore, there are no impacts.
f) No Impact. The Project would not interfere with or impair implementation with an adopted
emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. The Project is a street improvement Project
in the City of Downey. While the street may experience short-term disruption during the Project, it
will be available now and in the future for any emergency evacuations. Therefore, there is no impact
in this area.
g) No Impact. The proposed Project is not adjacent to wildland areas and is located in the urbanized
area of the City of Downey. The Project will not expose people or structures to a significant risk of
loss, injury or death involving wildland fires. Therefore, there is no impact in this area.
2 GeoTracker, January 2020, https://Reotracker.waterboards.ca.Rov/
35
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
X.
Hydrology and Water Quality
The
Hydrology and Water Quality section evaluates the impact of the proposed Project on water quality
standards or waste discharge requirements. The section also considers
any
impacts to the drainage of the
property and any potential impacts from storm water runoff to
streams, rivers,
or the Pacific Ocean.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant
No
Issues
Impact
Incorporated
Impact
Impact
X.
HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY. Would the project:
a)
Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge
❑
®
❑
❑
requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or
ground water quality?
b)
Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere
❑
❑
❑
substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project
may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin?
c)
Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or
❑
❑
®
❑
area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or
river, in a manner which would result in substantial erosion or
siltation on- or off -site?
d)
Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or
❑
El
®
❑
area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or
river, or substantially increase the rate or amount of surface
runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or off -site?
e)
Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the
❑
❑
®
❑
capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or
provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff?
f)
Otherwise substantially degrade water quality?
❑
❑
❑
g)
Place housing within a 100-year flood hazard area as mapped on a
❑
❑
❑
federal Flood Hazard Boundary or Flood Insurance Rate Map or other
flood hazard delineation map?
h)
Place within a 100-year flood hazard area structures which would
❑
❑
❑
impede or redirect flood flows?
i)
Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or
❑
❑
®
❑
death involving flooding, including flooding as a result of the
failure of a levee or dam?
j)
Inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow?
❑
❑
❑
Impacts Analysis
a) Less Than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated. The City of Downey (and the Project
site) is divided into three drainage areas with respect to the three receiving bodies of water that
border the City. The southwest portion of the City where the Project is located drains to the Los
Angeles River. The Project area is under the jurisdiction of the California Regional Water Quality
Control Board (RWQCB) Los Angeles Region for issues related to water quality. Each of the nine
Regional Boards within California is required to adopt a Water Quality Control Plan, or Basin Plan.
Each Basin Plan is designed to preserve and enhance water quality and protect the beneficial uses of
all regional waters. Specifically, the Basin Plan 1) designates beneficial uses for surface and ground
waters; 2) sets narrative and numerical objectives that must be attained or maintained to protect the
designated beneficial uses and conform to the state's anti -degradation policy; 3) describes
implementation programs to meet the objectives and protect the beneficial uses of all waters in the
36
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
region; and 4) describes surveillance and monitoring activities to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Basin Plan.
There are two primary types of source pollution: single -point source and nonpoint source pollution.
Single -point sources are water pollutants that originate from a single -point source such as factories.
Potential impacts to water quality associated with this type of project (intersection improvements)
are nonpoint source pollution. Nonpoint source pollution includes materials and/or chemicals (e. g.,
motor oils/grease, paint, pet wastes, garden chemicals, litter) that may be washed into the storm
drain system from various sources. Nonpoint source pollutants are typically washed into the storm
drain system by rainwater and other means from streets, parking areas, residential neighborhoods,
commercial/retail centers, and construction sites. The Project site is the intersection of Paramount
Boulevard and Imperial Highway. The proposed Project involves improvements to the intersection.
The proposed construction activities at the site will implement Best Management Practices (BMPs) to
reduce any potential impacts to water quality. Post -development activities have the potential to
discharge contaminants into the storm water and urban runoff into the existing municipal storm
drain system of the City of Downey as does the existing street.
Implementation of the Project will include compliance with the adopted Basin Plan and City of
Downey water quality requirements. Compliance will include adoption of BMPs for handling the
runoff from the street and adjacent parking or hard surface areas. The BMPs are construction devices,
procedures, and methods that are implemented to reduce (or eliminate) source pollution (runoff).
Additionally, the Project will disturb more than one acre of the existing Project site, which requires
the preparation of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). Therefore, with mitigation
potential impacts to water quality will be reduced to a less than significant level.
Mitigation Measure
The following mitigation measure is required to reduce potential impacts related to water quality to a
less than significant level.
MM-HYD-1 - Prior to construction activities, a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and
Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) will be prepared to the requirements of the City of
Downey Municipal Code and State Regional Water Quality Control Board's Basin Plan.
b) No Impact. The Project is the improvement of the intersection at Paramount Boulevard and Imperial
Highway. The Project will not disrupt groundwater recharge or substantially deplete groundwater
supplies. Therefore, there will be no impact to groundwater supplies or interference with the
production rate of local wells.
c) Less Than Significant Impact. The Project will not substantially alter the existing drainage pattern
of the Project site. Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway currently drain through the storm
drain system into the Los Angeles River west of the Project site. The Project does not call for any
changes to the storm drain system serving the streets. Therefore, the Project will not alter the
existing drainage pattern of the site and will not alter the course of a stream or river in a manner
which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on or off -site.
d) Less Than Significant Impact. See Section Kc) above. The Project will not substantially alter the
existing drainage pattern of the site or area. There is no alteration of the course or a stream or river
proposed in the Project. The Project will not substantially increase the rate or amount of surface
runoff in a manner that would result in flooding on or off -site. The Project would not substantially
increase the rate of surface runoff. Therefore, there are less than significant impacts from the Project.
37
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
e) Less Than Significant Impact. See Section X.c) above. The Project will not create or contribute
runoff water that would exceed the capacity of existing storm water drainage systems or provide
substantial additional sources of polluted runoff. Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway
currently drains into the Los Angeles River. Therefore, the Project will not contribute runoff that
would exceed the capacity of existing storm water drainage systems.
f) No Impact. The Project will include a WQMP that will utilize BMPs to reduce pollution from normal
stormwater runoff. Street sweeping should also reduce any degradation of water quality in the
Project area. Therefore, there will be no impact in this area.
g) No Impact. The Project does not propose to add any housing. The Project is an improvement of the
intersection of Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway. Additionally, the Project area is within
the 500-year flood hazard area according to the City of Downey Vision 2025 General Plan EIR.3
Therefore, the Project will not place housing in a 100-year flood hazard zone, and there are no
impacts from this Project in this area.
h) No Impact. The Project would not place within a 100-year flood hazard areas or structures that
would impede or re -direct flood flows. The Project involves the improvement of the intersection of
Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway. There are no structures or buildings associated with
the Project that would impede flood flows in the area. Therefore, there are no impacts in this issue
area.
i) Less Than Significant Impact. The Project itself would not expose people or structures to a
significant risk of loss, injury or death involving flooding, including flooding as a result of the failure
of a levee or dam. Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway currently exists in the area, and the
Project proposes minimal changes to the street footprint. Therefore, impact from the Project is less
than significant.
j) No Impact. The City of Downey does not lie within a tsunami inundation zone. Likewise, there is only
one artificial reservoir in the City at Downey Wilderness Park Lakes and it is not of sufficient size to
result in a seiche during a seismic event. Additionally, there are no areas where mudflows could
occur. Therefore, there are no impacts to the Project from tsunami, seiche or mudflows.
3 Downey Vision 2025 General Plan (2005), page 5-21
38
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
XI. Land Use and Planning
The Land Use and Planning section evaluates any potential conflicts between the Project and the City's
General Plan and Zoning Code or any habitat conservation plan
established
by the City of Downey.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant
No
Issues
Impact
Incorporated
Impact
Impact
XI. LAND USE AND PLANNING. Would the project:
a) Physically divide an established community?
❑
❑
❑
b) Conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation of
❑
❑
❑
an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not
limited to the general plan, specific plan, local coastal program, or
zoning ordinance) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or
mitigating an environmental effect?
c) Conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural
❑
❑
❑
community conservation plan?
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. The Project is an intersection improvement project at Paramount Boulevard and Imperial
Highway. The intersection is being improved to accommodate anticipated growth through 2035. The
Project would not physically divide an established community since the intersection and the streets
exist today and the Project would not require elimination of any surrounding uses. The Project would
not divide an established community. Therefore, there is no impact from this Project.
b) No Impact. The Project does not conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy or regulation
adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect. In fact, the Paramount
Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project is consistent with the adopted
General Plan for the City of Downey. Therefore, the Project is consistent with applicable land use
plans and policies and there is no impact in this area.
c) No Impact. There are no habitat conservation plans or natural community conservation plans in
Downey. The City is fully developed in an urban setting. The Project is an improvement of an existing
intersection of two major arterials in the City to accommodate projected growth through 2035.
Therefore, there is no impact on any habitat conservation plans.
39
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
XII. Mineral Resources
The Mineral Resources section analyzes any impacts the proposed Project might have on mineral resources
in the City.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant
No
Issues
Impact
Incorporated
Impact
Impact
XII. MINERAL RESOURCES. Would the project:
a) Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that
❑
❑
❑
would be of value to the region and the residents of the state?
b) Result in the loss of availability of a locally -important mineral
❑
❑
❑
resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific
plan or other land use plan?
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. There are no known mineral resources located on the Project site. The State of California
Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology commissioned a study in 1982 that
looked at mineral land classification in the greater Los Angeles area4 including the City of Downey.
The study found the area might be underlain by some mineral deposits but could not determine the
significance of them. The Project site is an existing intersection that has operated for many years. The
Project proposes to improve the intersection of Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway. The
Project would not disturb any identified mineral deposits. Therefore, there are no known impacts to
mineral resources.
b) No Impact. See response Section XII.a) above. The Project would not result in the loss of a locally
important mineral resource or recovery site that is delineated on a local general plan, specific plan, or
other land use plan. Therefore, there are no impacts in this issue area.
4 Mineral Land Classification of the Greater Los Angeles Area, Special Report 143, Part IV, Plate 4.1
40
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
XIII. Noise
The Noise section evaluates the impact the Project will have on
the neighborhood and the
impact of
the
noise environment on the Project itself. The analysis is based on the Noise Analysis conducted by Giroux &
Associates dated January 24, 2020 and included as Appendix C of this document.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant
No
Issues
Impact
Incorporated
Impact
Impact
XIII. NOISE - Would the project result in:
a) Exposure of persons to or generation of noise levels in excess of
❑
El
®
❑
standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance,
or applicable standards of other agencies?
b) Exposure of persons to or generation of excessive groundborne
❑
❑
®
❑
vibration or groundborne noise levels?
c) A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the
❑
❑
®
❑
project vicinity above levels existing without the project?
d) A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise
❑
®
❑
❑
levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the
project?
e) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where
❑
❑
❑
such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public
airport or public use airport, would the project expose people
residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?
f) For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, would the
❑
❑
❑
project expose people residing or working in the project area to
excessive noise levels?
Impacts Analysis
a) Less Than Significant Impact. The State of California has established guidelines for acceptable
community noise levels that are based upon the CNEL rating scale. The guidelines rank noise/land
use compatibility in terms of "normally acceptable," "conditionally acceptable," "normally
unacceptable," and "clearly unacceptable" noise levels for various land use types. The City of Downey
has adopted the same exterior noise/land use compatibility guideline as that used by the State of
California. The City of Downey noise/land use compatibility guidelines have been used as the
surrounding jurisdiction that may be affected by the proposed Project.
CNEL-based standards are used to make land use decisions as to the suitability of a given site for its
intended use. They apply to those noise sources not amenable to local control, such as on -road traffic,
aircraft, and trains. Because cities cannot regulate the noise created by such sources, they control the
types of land use or levels of mitigation required by the receiving property. These noise compatibility
standards are shown in Table 10.
41
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Table 10 — Downey Land Use Compatibility Guidelines for Exterior Community Noise
Community Noise Exposure CNEL, dB
Normally
Conditionally
Normally
Clearly
Land Use
Acceptable
Acceptable
Unacceptable
Unacceptable
Single Family, Duplex, Mobile Homes
50-60
55-70
70-75
Above 75
Multi -Family Homes
50-65
60-70
70-75
Above 75
Schools, Libraries, Churches, Hospitals, Nursing Homes
50-70
60-70
70-80
Above 80
Transient Lodging: Motels, Hotels
50-65
60-70
70-80
Above 80
Auditoriums, Concert Halls, Amphitheaters
-
50-70
-
Above 65
Sports Arena, Outdoor Spectator Sports
-
50-75
-
Above 70
Playgrounds, Neighborhood Parks
50-70
-
67-75
Above 72
Golf Courses, Riding Stables, Water Recreation, Cemeteries
50-75
-
70-80
Above 80
Office Buildings, Business and Professional Commercial 50-70 67-77 Above 75 -
Industrial, Manufacturing, Utilities, Agriculture 50-75 70-80 Above 75 -
Normally Acceptable: Specified land use is satisfactory based upon the assumption that any buildings involved are of normal conventional
construction, without any special noise insulation requirements.
Conditionally Acceptable: New construction or development should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements
is made and needed noise insulation features included in the design. Conventional construction, but with closed windows and fresh air supply
systems or air conditioning will normally suffice.
Normally Unacceptable: New construction or development should generally be discouraged. If new construction or development does proceed, a
detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements must be made and needed noise insulation features included in the design.
Clearly Unacceptable: New construction or development should generally not be undertaken.
Source: Downey General Plan
The noise/land use compatibility standards consider exterior exposures up to 60 dBA CNEL
"normally acceptable" for single-family residential use and 65 dB CNEL is acceptable for multi -family
use, with exposures of up to 70 dB "conditionally acceptable". Commercial use buildings are
considered "normally acceptable" with exposures of 70 dB CNEL as well, though they are allowed a
77 dB threshold for "conditionally acceptable". "Conditionally acceptable" requires closed windows
and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning. Although the Noise Element considers noise
exposures in excess of 60 dB CNEL to be compatible with residential uses under some circumstances,
Noise Goal One of the Noise Element states that the City's exterior noise standard shall be 60 dB CNEL
for all sensitive land uses.
Exterior standards apply to normally used recreational exterior space (such as patio, porch, and
pool/spa). They are also a guide to likely interior noise exposure based on the structural attenuation
normally achievable with various types of construction.
The Downey General Plan specifies 45 dB CNEL as the residential interior noise standard. Because
normal noise attenuation within residential structures with closed windows is about 20 dB, an
exterior noise exposure of 65 dBA CNEL for exterior would provide an interior 45 dBA CNEL.
Nevertheless, a 60 dBA CNEL for exterior residential use was used for this study as specified by the
Downey General Plan Policy (6.1.3).
CNEL-based standards are the land use planning standards that are applied to noise sources for
which the City of Downey is pre-empted from exercising local control. These sources include on road
traffic and train noise. Those noise sources that are amenable to local control are regulated by the
City of Downey Municipal Code (§4606.4). The ordinance establishes allowable levels of sound that
may cross any adjacent property line, as well as prohibiting general nuisance noise and identifying a
number of specific prohibitions.
The Ordinance also states that if any parcel of real estate is developed and used for multiple land
uses, the lower land use noise level standard shall apply (Municipal Code 4606.4C). Municipal Code
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
§4606.3(a) specifies that an increase of 5 dB(A) at the property line of a receiving property is
evidence of a nuisance. If the alleged source is continuous and cannot be reasonably discontinued,
Municipal Code §4606.3 (b) limits the noise at the property line of the transmitting property to the
standards below:
Land Use
Exterior Residential Uses
Exterior Commercial Uses
Exterior Manufacturing Uses
Time Period
7:00 a.m. -10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m.
7:00 a.m. -10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m.
7:00 a.m. -10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m.
Maximum Permissible
Steady Noise Levels (dB)
55
45
65
65
70
70
In the hours between 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m., the noise levels permitted above may be adjusted by
including the following factors when applicable:
Noise source operated 12 minutes per hour or less +5 dB(A)
Noise source operated 3 minutes per hour or less +10 dB(A)
Noise source operated 1 minutes per hour or less +15 dB(A)
Construction projects shall be exempted from the above noise provisions provided a valid permit for
such construction is obtained from the City. No construction is to take place between the hours of
9:00 p.m. of one day and 7:00 a.m. of the following day, and no repair or remodeling shall exceed 85
dB across any property boundary at any time during the source of a 24-hour day (Municipal Code
§4606.5).
The term "substantial increase" is not defined by any responsible agency. The limit of perceptibility
by ambient grade instrumentation (sound meters) or by humans in a laboratory environment is
around 1.5 dBA. Under ambient conditions, people generally do not perceive that noise has clearly
changed until there is a 3 dB difference. A threshold of 3 dBA is commonly used to define "substantial
increase." An increase of 3 dBA CNEL in traffic noise would be a consistent significant impact.
Two characteristic noise sources are typically identified with roadway improvements such as that
proposed for the development of the Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway Intersection
improvements. Construction activities, especially heavy equipment, will create short-term noise
increases near the Project site. Such impacts may be important for nearby noise -sensitive receptors
such as any existing residential uses. Upon completion, Project -related traffic could cause an
incremental increase in area -wide noise levels throughout the project area. For this Project, traffic
noise impacts are analyzed to ensure that the Project does not adversely impact the acoustic
environment of the surrounding community.
Sensitive Uses
Several roadway segments have existing adjacent sensitive residential uses as follows:
North of Intersection
12533 Paramount Boulevard, SFR Condo (2 buildings) 40' from work limit, 21' from TCE*
12542 Paramount Boulevard, Aspen Place Apartments 62' from work limit
12527 Paramount Boulevard, Athens Apartments 26' from work limit
East of Intersection (does not directly front construction but is close to the construction limit
12603 Block Avenue, SFR 100' from work limit
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
South of Intersection
12620 Paramount Boulevard, SFR 65' from work limit
7957 Lyndora Street, SFR 52' from work limit
West of Intersection
No adjacent sensitive uses
*TCE=Temporary Construction Easement
To limit noise impacts to sensitive uses, mitigation measures are proposed in Section XIII.d) below to
maintain acceptable noise levels. With implementation of these mitigation measures, noise impacts
will be less than significant.
b) Less Than Significant Impact. Project -related pavement cutting, excavation and construction
activities has the potential to result in vibration that could disturb nearby residents and/or cause
cosmetic damage to existing adjacent buildings or structures.
Groundborne vibration occurs when heavy equipment travels over unpaved surfaces or when it is
engaged in soil movement. The effects of groundborne vibration include discernible movement of
building floors, rattling of windows, shaking of items on shelves or hanging on walls, and rumbling
sounds. Vibration -related problems generally occur due to resonances in the structural components
of a building because structures amplify groundborne vibration. Within the "soft" sedimentary
surfaces of much of Southern California, ground vibration is quickly damped out. Groundborne
vibration is almost never annoying to people who are outdoors (FTA 2006).
Groundborne vibrations from construction activities rarely reach levels that can damage structures.
Because vibration is typically not an issue, very few jurisdictions have adopted vibration significance
thresholds. Vibration thresholds have been adopted for construction projects, but these relate mostly
to structural protection (cracking foundations or stucco) rather than to human annoyance.
The vibration descriptor commonly used to determine structural damage is the peak particle
velocity (ppv) which is defined as the maximum instantaneous positive or negative peak of the
vibration signal, usually measured in inches per second. The range of such vibration is as follows in
Table 11.
Table 11— Human Response to Transient Vibration
Average Human Response
ppv (in/sec)
Severe
2.000
Strongly perceptible
0.900
Distinctly perceptible
0.240
Barely perceptible
0.035
Source: Caltrans Transportation and Construction Vibration
Guidance Manual, 2013
Over the years, numerous vibration criteria and standards have been suggested by researchers,
organizations, and governmental agencies. There are no Caltrans or Federal Highway Administration
standards for vibration.
According to Caltrans, the threshold for structural vibration damage for modern structures is 0.5
inches per second (in/sec) for intermittent sources, which include impact pile drivers, pogo -stick
compactors, crack -and -seat equipment, vibratory pile drivers, and vibratory compaction equipment.
The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (1990) identifies
maximum vibration levels for preventing damage to structures from intermittent construction or
maintenance activities for residential buildings in good repair with gypsum board walls to be
0.4 to 0.5 in/sec. The damage threshold criterion of 0.2 in/sec is appropriate for fragile buildings. For
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
the purpose of this analysis, because adjacent residences can be older, the 0.2 in/sec damage
threshold for older fragile buildings is used as a very conservative evaluation criteria. Below this level
there is virtually no risk of building damage. Table 12 shows the predicted vibration levels generated
by construction equipment.
Table 12 — Estimated Vibration Levels During Project Construction
Equipment
Large bulldozer
Loaded trucks
Jackhammer
PPV
at 25 ft (inlsec)
0.089
0.076
0.035
Small bulldozer 0.003
Source: FHWA Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment
PPV
PPV
PPV
at 50 ft (In/sec)
at 75 ft (In/sec)
at 100 ft (inlsec)
0.031
0.017
0.011
0.027
0.015
0.010
0.012
0.007
0.004
0.001
0.001
<0.001
The calculation to determine PPV at a given distance is:
PPVdistance = PPVref*(25/D)^1.5
Where:
PPVdistance = the peak particle velocity in inches/second of the equipment adjusted for distance,
PPVref = the reference vibration level in inches/second at 25 feet, and
D = the distance from the equipment to the receiver.
The closest sensitive uses adjacent to the Project alignment have a minimal 25-foot separation
distance. Because the construction envelope is small, it is unlikely that a large bulldozer will be used.
A small bulldozer creates much lower vibration levels.
As seen on Table 12, at the closest setback of 25 feet the vibration levels are well below levels that
could create structural damage in fragile buildings (i.e., 0.2 in/sec). Vibration levels will be below the
human perception threshold and far below any possible cosmetic damage level.
Vibration impacts are less than significant.
c) No Impact. Long-term noise concerns potentially exist from the change in traffic volumes on
roadways in the Project vicinity. This concern was addressed using the California specific vehicle
noise curves (CALVENO) in the federal roadway noise model (the FHWA Highway Traffic Noise
Prediction Model, FHWA-RD-77-108). The model calculates the Leq noise level for a reference set of
input conditions, and then makes a series of adjustments for site -specific traffic volumes, distances,
speeds, or noise barriers.
This analysis evaluates the change between existing noise levels "with" and "without" Project at the
Imperial Highway and Paramount Boulevard intersection. Two-time frames are evaluated. Existing
conditions "with" and "without" Project and year 2035 "with" and "without" project. As shown in
Table 13, the noise levels for the with and without project implementation scenario is identical. The
Project is growth accommodating rather than growth inducing. The number of vehicles utilizing the
intersection stay the same for both the "with" and "without" Project conditions. Although the wait
time for vehicles will be lower, there is no mechanism to quantify any associated benefits. Therefore,
the Project will not create any traffic noise increases and qualitatively could slightly lower noise
levels.
Therefore, there will be no impact to the existing noise environment at the intersection after
completion of the Project.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Table 13— Traffic Noise Impact Analysis, dBA CNEL at 50 feet from centerline
Existing
Existing
Segment
Without Project
With Project
Change?
Paramount Boulevard/
North of Imperial
70.2
70.2
no
South of Imperial
69.8
69.8
no
Imperial Highway/
West of Paramount
71.5
71.5
no
East of Paramount
71.2
71.2
no
2035
2035
Segment
Without Project
With Project
Change?
Paramount Boulevard/
North of Imperial
70.5
70.5
no
South of Imperial
70.0
70.0
no
Imperial Highway/
West of Paramount
71.8
71.8
no
East of Paramount
71.5
71.5
no
d) Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated. To address the CEQA significance criterion
regarding "substantial temporary or periodic noise increases in ambient noise levels" for
construction noise, a "substantial" noise increase is defined as an increase in noise to a level that
causes interference with land use activities at nearby uses.
Construction noise levels would vary at any given receptor depending on the construction phase,
equipment type, duration of use, distance between the noise source and receptor, and the presence or
absence of barriers between the noise source and receptor. For this analysis, construction noise
levels were estimated for proposed daytime construction.
The construction noise analysis shows that the nearby sensitive residential receivers will likely
experience a temporary/periodic increase above ambient noise levels. Construction noise is
unavoidable though noise would be temporary and limited to the duration of the construction in any
one location. These temporary impacts will cease once each section of roadway is completed.
Roadway projects are considered "linear" as they are only in a single area for a brief time period and
move as work continues down the alignment.
Quantitatively, the primary noise prediction equation is expressed as follows for the hourly average
noise level (Leq) at distance D between the source and receiver (dBA):
Leq = Lmax @ SO'— 20 log (D/50') + 10log (U.F%/100) — I.L.(bar)
Where:
Lmax @ 50' is the published reference noise level at 50 feet
U.F.% is the usage factor for full power operation per hour
I.L.(bar) is the insertion loss for intervening barriers
Point sources of noise emissions are attenuated by a factor of 6 dB per doubling of distance through
geometrical (spherical) spreading of sound waves. Table 14 shows the probable equipment fleet for
this Project and identifies highest (Lmax) noise levels associated with each type of equipment
identified for use, then adjusts this noise level for distance to the closest sensitive receptors and the
extent of equipment usage (usage factor), which is represented as Leq. A 50-foot reference distance is
used.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Table 14 — Construction Equipment Noise Levels
Reference Noise Cumulative Noise
Level @ 50 feet/
Level @ 50 feet
Phase Name and Duration
Equipment
Usage Factor
(dB)
(dB)
Demo
Concrete saw
20%
90
84
Dozer
40%
85
82
Loader/backhoe
37%
78
74
Grading
Grader
40%
85
81
Dozer
40%
85
82
Loader/backhoe
37%
78
74
Underground Utilities
Crane
16%
81
73
Welder
46%
74
71
Forklift
20%
75
69
Paving and Median
Mixer
40%
79
75
Construction
Paver
50%
77
74
Paving equipment
40%
76
72
Roller
20%
80
74
Loader/backhoe
37%
78
74
The closest sensitive use to any construction area is the Athens Apartments at 12527 Paramount
Boulevard. The closest of these units have a 26-foot setback from the closest construction limit. At
this distance, a concrete saw would be the loudest equipment, and units closest to the work could
experience noise levels of up to 90 dB Leq when equipment operates at the closest perimeter. All
other construction equipment is minimally 2 dB less noisy.
The maximal noise levels are limited to the time it takes to remove pavement adjacent to any
residence. The interval would be brief and would affect a given sensitive receptor for only a short
period of time. The progress rate for the roadway work is approximately 10 feet per day for a
6-month construction schedule; therefore, the noisiest construction activities will only be in
immediate proximity to any single receptor for a few days.
Although noise levels will be noticeable at times, these exceedances would be sporadic (not
continuous) in nature, limited in duration, and would occur only when equipment is typically
operated within 25 feet of a given receptor. There is only one receptor at 12527 Paramount
Boulevard which would be within 25 feet. All other sensitive receptors have a minimal 40-foot
setback. By 40 feet, construction noise is reduced to below 85 dB Leq.
Additionally, activities are limited to daytime hours when most people are away. Because all other
noise -sensitive receptors are located farther from the Project site, or equipment would be less noisy,
the Project's other construction -related noise levels would be even lower.
The City of Downey limits construction noise levels of 85 dB at any sensitive use property line.
Because the Project is a roadway alignment, no single piece of equipment will operate in front of any
use for a substantial period of time.
The Downey Noise Ordinance states that no construction is to take place between the hours of 9:00
p.m. of one day and 7:00 a.m. of the following day, and no repair or remodeling shall exceed 85 dB
across any property boundary at any time during the course of a 24-hour day. Therefore, a mitigation
measure is proposed that would reduce project noise impacts to less than significant with mitigation
incorporated.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
e) No Impact. The Project is not located within an airport land use plan and is not within 2 miles of a
public airport or public use airport. The Project would not expose people residing or working in the
Project area to excessive noise levels. The Project is improvement of an existing intersection and
would have no impact in this issue area.
f) No Impact. The Project is the Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement
Project. The Project is not located within the vicinity of a private airport and would not expose people
residing or working in the Project area to excessive noise levels.
Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measure is required to reduce potential impacts from construction noise to
a less than significant level.
MM-N-1- Construction is only permitted to take place between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.
on Monday through Saturday. All construction equipment shall use properly operating
mufflers.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
XIV. Population and Housing
The Population and Housing section considers the impact of the
proposed
Project on population
growth
within the Project area and whether the Project would displace substantial numbers of people
necessitating construction of new housing elsewhere.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant
No
Issues
Impact
Incorporated
Impact
Impact
XIV. POPULATION AND HOUSING. Would the project:
a) Induce substantial population growth in an area, either directly
❑
❑
(for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or
indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other
infrastructure)?
b) Displace substantial numbers of existing housing, necessitating
❑
❑
the construction of replacement housing elsewhere?
c) Displace substantial numbers of people, necessitating the
❑
❑
❑
construction of replacement housing elsewhere?
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. The Project involves improvements to the intersection of Paramount Boulevard and
Imperial Highway. The Project will not impact buildings or create new residential areas. It will not
induce substantial population growth. Therefore, there is no impact.
b) No Impact. The Project is an intersection improvement project that makes no changes to
surrounding residential or commercial areas. The Project will not displace existing housing.
Therefore, there will be no impact.
c) No Impact. The Project will not displace any people. It will not trigger construction of replacement
housing elsewhere. Therefore, there is no impact.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
XV. Public Services
The Public Services section evaluates the impact of the proposed Project on public services provided by the
City of Downey or other agencies.
Less Than
Potentially Significant with Less Than
Significant Mitigation Significant No
Issues Impact Incorporated Impact Impact
XV. PUBLIC SERVICES
a) Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically
altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which
could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or
other performance objectives for any of the public services:
Fire protection? ❑ ❑ ❑
Police protection? ❑ ❑ ❑
Schools? ❑ ❑ ❑
Parks? ❑ ❑ ❑
Other public facilities? ❑ ❑ ❑
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. The Project involves improvements to the intersection of Paramount Boulevard and
Imperial Highway. The area is surrounded by commercial uses, apartments, and condos. The street
Project would not impact service ratios or response times. The Project is designed to accommodate
emergency vehicles within the roadway. The Project would also not trigger the need to add
governmental facilities that could impact the environment. Below is a discussion of each public
service considered in this analysis.
Fire Protection. The City of Downey Fire Department provides fire protection services and
emergency response services from medical emergencies to hazardous materials spills within the City
of Downey.5 The Fire Department currently has 63 sworn firefighters, 18 of whom are licensed
paramedics. Each day, 21 trained and qualified personnel are on duty to provide 24-hour protection.
Fire service delivery is evenly divided throughout the City by four strategically located fire stations
capable of arriving to the scene of an emergency within five minutes of a call.
Station No. 1 is located at 12222 Paramount Boulevard, which is the closest station to the Project site.
Fire protection would not be impacted by the proposed Project.
Police Protection. The Downey Police Department (DPD) provides law enforcement services to the
City of Downey. The DPD provides a full range of police services. The Police Department headquarters
is located in the 10911 Brookshire Avenue. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, based in
the City of Lynwood, provides police services for properties owned by the County in the southwest
part of the City.6
The DPD currently has an authorized strength of 138 sworn staff. About 70% of all sworn officers
work in the Field Operations Division, which focuses on patrolling City streets, answering calls for
service, and identifying potential crime problems. Police protection is not expected to be impacted by
the Project, the intersection improvements at Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway.
5 Downey Vision 2025 General Plan, 2005, Chapter 5 page 5-11
6 Downey Vision 2025 General Plan, 2005, Chapter 5, page 5-14
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Public Schools. Public educational services within the City of Downey are provided by the Downey
Unified School District.? Public schools will not be impacted by the proposed Project. The Project is an
intersection improvement project and will not generate additional population or enrollment in the
schools. Therefore, there is no impact.
Parks. The proposed Project does not generate additional population and will not impact parks
within the City of Downey. The Project includes improvements to the intersection of Paramount
Boulevard and Imperial Highway. The proposed Project will not impact parks, requiring additional
facilities.
Other Public Facilities. The proposed Project does not generate additional population that would
impact libraries, community centers or other community facilities in the City of Downey. Therefore,
there is no impact on other public facilities as a result of the Project.
7 Downey Unified School District website www.dusd.net
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
XVI. Recreation
The Recreation section analyzes whether the proposed Project would trigger the need for additional
recreational facilities within the community. The section also evaluates the impact on use of existing
neighborhood or regional parks.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant
No
Issues
Impact
Incorporated
Impact
Impact
XVI. RECREATION
a) Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and
❑
❑
regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial
physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be
accelerated?
b) Does the project include recreational facilities or require the
construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might
have an adverse physical effect on the environment?
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. Parks within Downey are generally well distributed and well used throughout the City.
The proposed Project, intersection improvements at Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway,
will not impact park facilities in the City.
b) No Impact. The proposed Project does not include recreational facilities or require the expansion or
construction of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the
environment. The Project involves improvements to the intersection of Paramount Boulevard and
Imperial Highway and will not adversely affect any recreational facility. The Project, therefore, will
have no impact on recreation in the City of Downey.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
XVII. Transportation
The Transportation section evaluates whether the Project creates conflicts with the effectiveness
of the
existing transportation network, any congestion management plan, or creates
any design
flaws that would
substantially increase transportation hazards.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant No
Issues
Impact
Incorporated
Impact Impact
XVII. TRANSPORTATION. Would the project:
a) Conflict with an applicable plan, ordinance or policy establishing
❑
❑
measures of effectiveness for the performance of the circulation
system, taking into account all modes of transportation including
mass transit and non -motorized travel and relevant components
of the circulation system, including but not limited to
intersections, streets, highways and freeways, pedestrian and
bicycle paths, and mass transit?
b) Conflict with an applicable congestion management program,
❑
❑
❑
including, but not limited to level of service standards and travel
demand measures, or other standards established by the county
congestion management agency for designated roads or
highways?
c) Result in a change in air traffic patterns, including either an
❑
❑
increase in traffic levels or a change in location that results in
substantial safety risks?
d) Substantially increase hazards due to a design feature (e.g., sharp
❑
❑
curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g.,
farm equipment)?
e) Result in inadequate emergency access?
❑
❑
❑
f) Conflict with adopted policies, plans, or programs regarding
❑
❑
public transit, bicycle, or pedestrian facilities, or otherwise
decrease the performance or safety of such facilities?
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. The proposed Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement
Project is consistent with the City of Downey Vision 2025 General Plan. The Project is consistent with
Mitigation Measure 5.9-7 of the Downey Vision 2025 General Plan DEIRB. The Project does not
conflict with any adopted plan, ordinance or policy adopted by the City of Downey. Therefore, the
Project has no impact.
b) No Impact. Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway are not among the roadway links included
in the Los Angeles County Congestion Management Program (CMP) Highway and Roadway System9.
Therefore, there is no impact from the Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection
Improvement Project on level of service standards, travel demand measures or other standards
established by the County CMP or by Metro, the Congestion Management Agency for Los Angeles
County.
c) No Impact. The Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project is not
located near an airport and would not result in a change in air traffic patterns, including either an
8 Downey Vision 2025 General Plan DEIR, 2004, page 5-235
9 2010 Congestion Management Program for Los Angeles County, page 13
53
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
increase in traffic levels or a change in location that would result in substantial safety risks.
Therefore, there is no impact from this Project.
d) No Impact. The Project does not include a design feature such as sharp curves or dangerous
intersections that would substantially increase hazards. The Project footprint is straight sections of
roadway that would retain the intersections that exist in the Project area today. Therefore, there is no
impact from the proposed Project.
e) No Impact. The Project would not result in inadequate emergency access to the area. The Project
proposes to maintain the width of the roadway that meets clearance requirements for emergency
vehicles. Therefore, there will be no impacts to emergency access in the Project area.
f) No Impact. The Project does not conflict with adopted policies, plans and programs for public transit,
bicycle or pedestrian facilities. Therefore, there is no negative impact from the Project.
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Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
XVIII. Tribal Cultural Resources
This section analyzes whether the Project would impact tribal cultural resources and documents
notification of Native American Tribal representatives and consultation that occurred.
Less Than
Potentially Significant with Less Than
Significant Mitigation Significant No
Issues
Impact Incorporated Impact Impact
XVIII. TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES
a) Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in
Public Resources Code §21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural
landscape that is geographically defined in
terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native
American tribe, and that is:
i) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of
❑ ❑ ❑
Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical
resources as defined in Public Resources Code §5020.1(k), or
ii) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion
❑ ❑ ❑
and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant
pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public
Resources Code §5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in
subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code §5024.1, the lead
agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a
California Native American tribe.
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. The City of Downey sent Project notification letters to six tribal groups, including the
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians, Gabrielino Tongva Nation, Gabrielino Tongva Tribe, Gabrielino Band
of Mission Indians, and Gabrielino Tongva San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians, and the Gabrielino
Band of Mission Indians - Kizh Nation. None of the tribes requested consultation on the Project.
Additionally, Archaeological Resources Management Corporation produced a Phase 1 Archaeological
Assessment (December 9, 2019; Appendix B) of the Project area and concluded that no cultural
resources have been identified on the Project site. Therefore, the Project would not cause a
substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource and there is no impact.
i) There are no tribal cultural resources on the Project site listed or eligible for listing in the
California Register of Historical Resources or in a register of local historical resources.
ii) There are no resources determined by the lead agency to be significant on the Project site,
which is an existing roadway through a portion of the southwest area of the City.
55
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
XDX Utilities and Service Systems
The Utilities and Service Systems section evaluates the proposed
Project's
impacts on utilities and
provision of municipal waste management services. Specifically,
the section analyzeswdhetbrrtbrpropnsed
Project would trigger the need for additional facilities or whether capacity exists to support the Project.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant
No
|ooueo
Impact
Incorporated
Impact
Impact
X|XUTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS. Would the project:
a) Exceed wastewater treatment requirements nfthe applicable
U
��
U
��
U
��
��
��
Regional Water Quality Control Board?
b) Require orresult inthe construction ofnew water orwastewater
F-1
Fl
treatment facilities orexpansion ofexisting facilities, the
construction ofwhich could cause significant environmental
effects?
c) Require orresult inthe construction ofnew storm water drainage
[� ��
[� ��
facilities orexpansion ofexisting facilities, the construction nf
which could cause significant environmental effects?
d) Have sufficient water supplies available tosem
U
��
U
��
U
��
��etheprojectfrom
��
existing entitlements and resources, nrare new nrexpanded
entitlements needed?
e) Result inadetermination bythe wastewater treatment provider
[� ��
[� ��
which serves ormay serve the project that ithas adequate
capacity toserve the project'sprojected demand inaddition to
the provider's existing commitments?
f) Beserved byalandfill with sufficient permitted capacity to
F-1
Fl
accommodate the prnject'ssolid waste disposal needs?
g) Comply with federal, state, and local statutes and regulations
F-1
Fl
related tosolid waste?
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. The Project itself, intersection improvements atParamount Boulevard and Imperial
Highway, would not generate wastewater that would exceed the wastewater treatment requirements
of the Los Angeles County Regional Water Quality Control Board or exceed the treatment capacity
available through agencies such as the Los Angeles County Sanitation District or the joint Water
Pollution Control Plant located in the City of Cerritos that treat wastewater in the City of Downey. The
Project is basically a street project that would not generate new wastewater or affect the sanitation
system iuthe City. Therefore, there ionoimpact from the Project.
b) No Impact. The Project would not require or result in the construction of new water or wastewater
treatment facilities or expansion of existing facilities, the construction of which could cause
significant environmental effects. The intersection improvements will not create wastewater nr
require the construction of new facilities or expansion of existing facilities to handle an increase in
wastewater. Therefore, there are noimpacts jnthis area.
c) No Impact. The City of Downey is an urbanized community with built drainage systems, including
concrete lined washes, underground storm drain systems, and catch basins.10 Lined washes and
underground storm water systems within the City are designed and maintained by the Los Angeles
County Department of Public Works. The facilities in the southwest portion of Downey where the
10 Downey Vision Z0Z5General Plan DBR,2OO4 paOe5~45
56
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Project is located drain to the Los Angeles River. Storm water from the Project site drains to the Los
Angeles River through storm drains and catch basins. The Project will not generate any additional
storm water runoff from what is experienced now. Therefore, there are no impacts.
d) No Impact. Water service in the City of Downey is provided primarily by the City.11 Groundwater is
the primary source of water supply for the City drawn from the Central Basin Watermaster and the
Water Replenishment District of Southern California. The City does have the capability to draw
imported water from the Metropolitan Water District.
The proposed Project is improvements to the intersection of Paramount Boulevard and Imperial
Highway. The Project will not trigger the need for new or expanded entitlements or water resources.
Therefore, there are no impacts.
e) No Impact. The proposed Project is intersection improvements to Paramount Boulevard at Imperial
Highway. The Project itself will not generate wastewater and it will generate no demand on
wastewater treatment providers. Therefore, there are no impacts from the proposed Project.
f) No Impact. The Project itself will not generate solid waste because it is primarily a road project.
Therefore, impacts from the Project are less than significant.
g) No Impact. The Project will comply with all federal, state, and local statutes and regulations related
to solid waste. Therefore, there is no impact from the Project.
11 Downey Vision 2025 General Plan DEIR, 2004, page 5-242
57
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
XX.
Wildfire
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with
Less Than
Significant
Mitigation
Significant
No
Issues
Impact
Incorporated
Impact
Impact
XX.
Wildfire. If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands
classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the
project:
a)
Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or
emergency evacuation plan?
b)
Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate
❑
❑
wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant
concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a
wildfire?
c)
Require the installation or maintenance of associated
infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water
sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire
risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the
environment?
d)
Expose people or structures to significant risks, including
❑
❑
downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of
runoff, post -fire slope instability, or drainage changes?
Impacts Analysis
a) No Impact. The Project is not located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very
high fire hazard severity zones. The Project is located in an urbanized area. The Project would not
impair an adopted emergency response or emergency evacuation plan. Therefore, there is no impact.
b) No Impact. The Project involves an intersection improvement at Paramount Boulevard and Imperial
Highway in the City of Downey. The Project is on flat ground that does not involve slopes. There are
no prevailing winds or other factors that would exacerbate wildfire risks. Therefore, there are no
impacts.
c) No Impact. The Project is a road intersection improvement that would not require the installation or
maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources,
power lines or other utilities) that could exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or
ongoing impacts to the environment. Therefore, there are no impacts.
d) No Impact. As an intersection improvement, the Project will not expose people or structures to
significant fire risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff,
post -fire slope instability, or drainage changes. Therefore, there are no impacts.
58
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
XXI. Mandatory Findings of Significance
This section includes questions designed to establish whether the proposed Project has effects significant
enough to impact the environment negatively. It also addresses the issues
of short-term versus long-term
environmental goals and cumulative impacts of proposed projects.
Less Than
Potentially
Significant with Less Than
Significant
Mitigation Significant No
Issues Impact
Incorporated Impact Impact
XXI. MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE
a) Does the project have the potential to degrade the quality of the ❑
El ❑
environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife
species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-
sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal
community, reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or
endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of
the major periods of California history or prehistory?
b) Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but ❑
❑ ❑
cumulatively considerable? ("Cumulatively considerable" means
that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when
viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects
of other current projects, and the effects of probable future
projects)?
c) Does the project have environmental effects which will cause ❑
❑ ❑
substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or
indirectly?
d) Does the Project have the potential to achieve short-term ❑
El ❑
environmental goals to the disadvantage of long-term
environmental goals?
a) No Impact. On the basis of the foregoing analysis, the proposed Project does not have the potential to
significantly degrade the quality of the environment. The Project site does not contain any habitat of
fish or wildlife species that would be impacted by the Project. The site is located in an urbanized
setting. The proposed Project consists of improvements to the intersection of Paramount Boulevard
and Imperial Highway in the City of Downey. The Project is compatible with the surrounding land
uses. The Project will not impact any sensitive or special status habitat and/or wildlife species.
b) No Impact. No cumulative impacts are anticipated in connection with this and other projects. The
Project is consistent with the City's General Plan transportation strategies. The Project will not result
in environmental effects which are cumulatively considerable since the proposal is consistent with
the goals and policies of the City's General Plan. The Project does not have any impact on projected
growth and planned projects for the City of Downey as of the date of this analysis. Recommended
mitigation measures as well as the Project design will reduce all potential impacts to a level of less
than significant. Therefore, it is not anticipated that the Project will result in significant cumulative
impacts.
c) No Impact. There are no known substantial adverse effects on human beings that would be caused by
the proposed Project. The Project is consistent with the land uses in the Project area and the
environmental evaluation has concluded that no adverse significant environmental impacts will
result from the Project.
59
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
d) No Impact. The site is located in a developed area that already provides transportation infrastructure
that the proposed Project will improve. There are no long-term environmental goals that would be
compromised by the Project. The Project does not have the potential to achieve short-term goals to
the disadvantage of long-term goals.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 21083 and 21083.05, 21083.09 Public Resources Code. Reference: Section
65088.4, Gov. Code; Sections 21073, 21074 21080(c), 21080.1, 21080.3, 21083, 21083.05, 21083.3,
21080.3.1, 21080.3.2, 21082.3, 21084.2, 21084.3, 21093, 21094, 21095, and 21151, Public Resources Code;
Sundstrom v. County of Mendocino, (1988) 202 Cal.App.3d 296; Leonoff v. Monterey Board of Supervisors,
(1990) 222 Cal.App.3d 1337; Eureka Citizens for Responsible Govt. v. City of Eureka (2007) 147
Cal.AppAth 357; Protect the Historic Amador Waterways v. Amador Water Agency (2004) 116 Cal.App.4th
at 1109; San Franciscans Upholding the Downtown Plan v. City and County of San Francisco (2002) 102
Ca1.AppAth 656.
.o
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
AT
Air Quality and GHG Impact Analysis
AIR QUALITY and GHG IMPACT ANALYSES
INTERSECTION OF IMPERIAL HIGHWAY AND PARAMOUNT BOULEVARD
IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
Prepared for:
Hodge & Associates
Attn: Bill Hodge
P. O. Box 2842
Palm Desert, CA 92261
Date:
January 24, 2020
Project No.: P19-042 AQ
METEOROLOGICAL SETTING
REGIONAL CLIMATE
The North Pacific high-pressure cell is the dominant climatic influence over the eastern North
Pacific Ocean, particularly during the summer. This semi -permanent high-pressure cell produces
a predominantly northwesterly flow of maritime air over the coastal waters of California. During
winter, the Pacific High weakens and moves south, resulting in weaker and less persistent
northwesterly winds along the California coast than in the wanner half of the year.
As the air mass approaches the coast of California, this large-scale circulation pattern is modified
by local influences. The differential heating between the desert and the adjacent Pacific Ocean
modifies the prevailing winds, enhancing the winds during the warmer half of the year and
weakening them during the colder portion. On a localized and sub -regional basis, the airflow in
California is channeled by its mountain ranges and valleys. The coastal mountain ranges limit
the flow of maritime air into the interior of California. This transition from a cool and damp
marine environment to a dry and warm continental climate therefore occurs over a fairly short
distance.
SOUTH COAST AIR BASIN
The South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) is a 6,600 square mile coastal plain bounded by the Pacific
Ocean to the west and the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains to the north
and east. The SCAB includes all of Orange County and the non -desert portions of Los Angeles,
Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties. Basin -wide conditions are characterized by warm
summers, mild winters, infrequent rainfall, moderate onshore daytime breezes, and moderate
humidities.
All seasons generally exhibit onshore flows during the day and offshore flows at night, after the
land cools below the temperature of the ocean. The likelihood of strong offshore flows,
including Santa Ana winds, is greater during winter than during summer (California Air
Resources Board 1984).
The topography and climate of Southern California combine to produce unhealthful air quality in
the South Coast Air Basin. Low temperature inversion, light winds, shallow vertical mixing, and
extensive sunlight, in conjunction with topographical features such as adjacent mountain ranges
that hinder dispersion of air pollutants, combine to create degraded quality, especially in inland
valleys of the basin.
LOCAL METEOROLOGY
Temperatures in Downey average a very comfortable 63 degrees year-round. Summer
afternoons are typically in the middle 80s, and winter mornings may drop to the low- to mid-40s.
Significant extremes of temperature are rare. Rainfall in Downey averages 14 inches of rain
during a normal year. Almost all the rainfall comes from the fringes of mid -latitude storms from
late November to early April with summers often completely dry.
Imperial and Paramount AQ — 1 —
Winds in the Downey area blow primarily from southwest to northeast by day and from
northeast to the southwest at night in response to the regional pattern of onshore flow by day and
offshore flow at night. Average wind speeds are 5 mph, reaching 8 to 10 mph in the afternoon,
but dropping to near -calm conditions at night. In the late afternoon, the winds from the
southwest are replaced by a marine air "push" from the South Bay around the northern side of
the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Strongest onshore flow across Downey in the late afternoon is,
therefore, more from west-northwest.
Imperial and Paramount AQ - 2 -
AIR QUALITY SETTING
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (AAQS)
In order to gauge the significance of the air quality impacts of the proposed project, those
impacts, together with existing background air quality levels, must be compared to the applicable
ambient air quality standards. These standards are the levels of air quality considered safe, with
an adequate margin of safety, to protect the public health and welfare. They are designed to
protect those people most susceptible to further respiratory distress such as asthmatics, the
elderly, very young children, people already weakened by other disease or illness, and persons
engaged in strenuous work or exercise, called "sensitive receptors." Healthy adults can tolerate
occasional exposure to air pollutant concentrations considerably above these minimum standards
before adverse effects are observed. Recent research has shown, however, that chronic exposure
to ozone (the primary ingredient in photochemical smog) may lead to adverse respiratory health
even at concentrations close to the ambient standard.
National AAQS were established in 1971 for six pollution species with states retaining the option
to add other pollutants, require more stringent compliance, or to include different exposure
periods. The initial attainment deadline of 1977 was extended several times in air quality
problem areas like Southern California. In 2003, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
adopted a rule, which extended and established a new attainment deadline for ozone for the
year 2021. Because the State of California had established AAQS several years before the
federal action and because of unique air quality problems introduced by the restrictive dispersion
meteorology, there is considerable difference between state and national clean air standards.
Those standards currently in effect in California are shown in Table 1. Sources and health
effects of various pollutants are shown in Table 2.
The Federal Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 required that the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) review all national AAQS in light of currently known health effects.
EPA was charged with modifying existing standards or promulgating new ones where
appropriate. EPA subsequently developed standards for chronic ozone exposure (8+ hours per
day) and for very small diameter particulate matter (called "PM-2.5"). New national AAQS
were adopted in 1997 for these pollutants.
Planning and enforcement of the federal standards for PM-2.5 and for ozone (8-hour) were
challenged by trucking and manufacturing organizations. In a unanimous decision, the U.S.
Supreme Court ruled that EPA did not require specific congressional authorization to adopt
national clean air standards. The Court also ruled that health -based standards did not require
preparation of a cost -benefit analysis. The Court did find, however, that there was some
inconsistency between existing and "new" standards in their required attainment schedules. Such
attainment -planning schedule inconsistencies centered mainly on the 8-hour ozone standard.
EPA subsequently agreed to downgrade the attainment designation for a large number of
communities to "non -attainment" for the 8-hour ozone standard.
Imperial and Paramount AQ - 3
Table 1
Ambient Air Quality Standards
Averaging
California Standards'
National Standards
2
Pollutant
Time
Concentration 3
Method 4
Primary 3 5
Secondary 'k r'
Method 7
I Hour
0.09 porn (180
Ozone (03)8
Ultraviolet
Same as
Ultraviolet
8 Hour
0.070 ppm (137 juglm)
Photometry
0.070 ppm (137 pgfm'p
Primary Standard
Photometry
Respirable
24 Hour
50 pg'M2
150 Pg/m,
Inertial Separation
Particulate
Gravimetric or
Sameas
and Gravimetric
Matter (PM10)
Annual
20 pglm2
Beta Attenuation
Primary Standard
Analysis
Arithmetic Mean
Fine
Particulate
24 Hour
35 Pg/m,
Same as
Primary Standard
Inertial Separation
Matter
Annual
12 pglm'
Gravimetric or
12.0 pg/m3
15 Pg/m,
and Gravimetric
Analysis
(PM2.5)9
Arithmetic Mean
Beta Attenuation
1 Hour
20 porn (23 rngim')
35 ppm t40 rrigirp3)
—
Carbon
Non -Dispersive
Non -Dispersive
Monoxide
8 Hour
9.0 ppm (jo mg/ml)
Infrared Photometry
9 porn (10 mg,,m)
—
Infrared Photometry
(CO)
(NDtR)
{NDIR)
8 Hour
6 porn 17 mgim')
—
(Lake Tahoe)
Nitrogen
1 Hour
0.18 porn (339 1
100 ppb (188 pg1m3)
—
Dioxide
Gas Phase
Gas Phase
(NO.)"'
Annual
0.030 ppm (57 1
Chemiluminescence,
0.053ppm(loopg/m3)
Chemiluminescence
Arithmetic Mean
Primary Standard
1 Hour
0.25 ppm (655 pglm')
75 ppb (196 pg/m'l
0.5 porn
Ultraviolet
Sulfur Dioxide
3 Hour
—
Ultraviolet
1300 pg/m')
Flourescence:
(Soo"
24 Hour
0.04 ppm (105 pglm')
Fluorescence
loom
—
Spectrophotometry
(Pararosanitine
jor certain areas)'
Method)
Annual
0.030 ppm
Arithmetic Mean
(far certain areas)'
30 Day Average
1.5 pgfm,
1.5 Pg1m3
High Volume
Leadlz"3
Calendar Quarter
Atomic Absorption
(for certain areas)'
Same as
Sampler and Atomic
Absorption
Rolling 3-Month
Primary Standard
Average
0. 15 Pg/m3
Visibility
Beta Attenuation and
Reducing
8 Hour
See footnote 14
Transmittance
No
14
Parti CIO5
through Filter Tape
National
Sulfates
24 Hour
26 pg/m`
]on Chromatography
Hydrogen
1 Hour
0.03 ppm (42 pgim)
Ultraviolet
Sulfide
Fluorescence
Standards
Vinyl 12
ChlorideChromatography
24 Hour
0.01 ppm (26 pg�m)
Gas
See footnotes on next page ...
For more Information
please call
ARB-P10 at (916) 322-2990
California Air Resources Board (5/4/16)
Imperial and paramount AQ
Table 1 (continued)
L California standards for ozone. carbon monoxide (except S-hour Lake Tahoe>. sulfitr dioxicle t 1 and 24 hour). nitrogen dioxide. and
particulate matter (PM10. PM2.5. and visibility reduchlg Particles). are values that are not to be exceeded. All others are not to be
equaled or exceeded California ambient air quality standards are listed in the Tattle of Standards in Section 70200 of Title 17 of the
California Cede of Regulations.
2. National standards (other than ozone. Particulate matter. and those based oil arutrual arithmeiie mean) are not to be exceeded more than
once a year. The ozone standard is attained when the fourth highest S-hole concentration measured at each site in a year. averaged over
three years. is equal to or less than the standard. For P:Nd 10. the 24 hour standard is attained when the expected number of days Per
calendar year with a 24-hour average concentration above 150 µg/m3 is equal to or less than one. For P\L.5. the 24 hour standard is
attained when 98 percent of the daily concentrations. averaged over three years. are equal to or less than the standard. Contact the U'S.
EPA for further clarification and current national Policies.
Concentration expressed rust in tunics in tvlaicla it was promulgated. Equivalent traits govern in parentheses are based upon a reference
temperature of 25 C" and a reference pressure of 760 toll. Most measurements of air quality are to be corrected to a reference
temperature of 25'C and a reference pressure of 760 torr_ ppm in this table refers to ppm by volume. or ruicrorrioles of pollutant per mole
of gas.
4. Any equivalent measurement method which call be shown to the satisfaction of the ARB to 2iye equivalent results at or clear the level of
the air quality standard may be used.
5. National Prirnary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary. with an adequate luarghn of safety to protect the public health.
6. National Secondary Standards: The levels of all' quality necessary to protect the public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse
effects of a pollutant.
Reference method as described by the U S. EPA. An -equivalent method" of measurement may be used but roust have a "consistent
relationship to the reference unethod" and must be ipproved by the U.S. EPA,
S. Chu October 1. 2015. the national 8-hour ozone prilltary and secondary standards uvere lowered from 0.075 to 0.070 ppin.
9. On December 14. 2012. the national annual PR12.5 Primary standard was lowered from 15 µgim3 to 12.0 µgtin3. The existing national 24-
hotr P1\12.5 standards fprinary and secondary) were retained at 35 pa/im. as was the annual secondary standard of 15 llg'm'. The
existing 24-hour P1\110 standards 1priuury and secondary) of 150 laghu$ ;also were retained. The form of the arnnual prinnar"F rind
secondary standards is the amival mean. avefaffed over 3 years.
10. To attain the 1-hour national standard. the 3 year' average of the armual 9Stlt Percentile of the 1-hour daily maxinmrin concentrations at
each site must not exceed 100 ppb. Note that the national 1-hour standard is in mutt, of parts per billion (ppb?. California standards are in
writs of parts per million tppm>. To directly compare the national 1-hour standard to the California standards the units can be converted
from ppb to ppm. In this case. the national standard of 100 ppb is identical to 0.100 ppm.
11. Can Tune _'. 2010. a new 1-hour Sty, standard was established and the existing 24-hour and annual primary standards were revoked. To
attain the 1-hour national standard. the 3-year average of the annual 99th percentile of the 1-hour daily nitaxintunr concentrations at each
site least not exceed 75 ppb. The 1971 SCt, national standards t24-hour and annual} fernain in effect until one year after an area is
designated for the 2011) standard, except that in areas designated nonm airrrnent for the 1971 standards. the 1971 standards remain in
effect until irtnplerttentatiort plans to attain or maintain the _010 standards are approved.
Note that the 1-hour national standard is in units of parts per billion (ppb). Califorma standards are in Units of parts per million i ppm?. To
directly compare the 1-liotr national standard to the California standard the tunics can be converted to ppm. In this case. the national
standard of 75 ppb is identical to 0.()7ppnn.
12. The -FRB has identified lead alul vinyl chloride as 'toxic ;air contanniruaiit} with no threshold level of expostue for adverse health effects
determined. These actions allow for the implementation of control measures at levels below tine arrnbient concentrations specified for
these polhctalits.
13 . The national standard for leach was revised ore October 15. 2008 to a rolling :-nionth average. The 1978 leach standard ( 1.5 µ=: rnn3 as a
quarterly aaverage) remains ill effect )until one year after an area is designated for the 200S standard. except that in areas designated
ncnna aairntient for the 19?S standard. the 1978 standard remairts in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2008
standard are approved.
lid. In 1959. the ARB converted both the general statewide 10-mile visibility standard and the Lake Tahoe 30-mile visibility standard to
instrumental equivalents. which are "extinction of 0.23 per kilometer" and "extinction of 0,07 per kilometer" for the statewide and Lake
Tahoe Air Basin standards. respectively.
For more infortnation please call ARB-PI0 at (916) 322-2990 California Air Resources Board (514/16)
Imperial and Paramount AQ - J
Pollutants
Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2)
Ozone
(O3)
Lead (Pb)
Table 2
Health Effects of Major Criteria Pollutants
Sources
• Incomplete combustion of fuels and other
carbon -containing substances, such as motor
exhaust.
• Natural events, such as decomposition of
organic matter.
• Motor vehicle exhaust.
• High temperature stationary combustion.
• Atmospheric reactions.
• Atmospheric reaction of organic gases with
nitrogen oxides in sunlight.
• Contaminated soil.
Respirable Particulate • Stationary combustion of solid fuels.
Matter • Construction activities.
(PM-10) • Industrial processes.
• Atmospheric chemical reactions.
Fine Particulate Matter •
(PM-2.5 )
•
•
Sulfur Dioxide •
(SO2)
Fuel combustion in motor vehicles,
equipment, and industrial sources.
Residential and agricultural burning.
Industrial processes.
Also, formed from photochemical reactions
of other pollutants, including NOx, sulfur
oxides, and organics.
Combustion of sulfur -containing fossil fuels.
Smelting of sulfur -bearing metal ores.
Industrial processes.
Source: California Air Resources Board, 2002.
Primary Effects
• Reduced tolerance for exercise.
• Impainnent of mental function.
• Impainnent of fetal development.
• Death at high levels of exposure.
• Aggravation of some heart diseases (angina).
• Aggravation of respiratory illness.
• Reduced visibility.
• Reduced plant growth.
• Formation of acid rain.
• Aggravation of respiratory and
cardiovascular diseases.
• Irritation of eyes.
• Impairment of cardiopulmonary function.
• Plant leaf injury.
• Impairment of blood function and nerve
construction.
• Behavioral and hearing problems in children.
• Reduced lung function.
• Aggravation of the effects of gaseous
pollutants.
• Aggravation of respiratory and cardio
respiratory diseases.
• Increased cough and chest discomfort.
• Soiling.
• Reduced visibility.
• Increases respiratory disease.
• Lung damage.
• Cancer and premature death.
• Reduces visibility and results in surface
soiling.
• Aggravation of respiratory diseases (asthma,
emphysema).
• Reduced lung function.
• Irritation of eyes.
• Reduced visibility.
• Plant injury.
• Deterioration of metals, textiles, leather,
finishes, coatings, etc.
Imperial and Paramount AQ - 6 -
Evaluation of the most current data on the health effects of inhalation of fine particulate matter
prompted the California Air Resources Board (ARB) to recommend adoption of the statewide
PM-2.5 standard that is more stringent than the federal standard. This standard was adopted in
2002. The State PM-2.5 standard is more of a goal in that it does not have specific attainment
planning requirements like a federal clean air standard, but only requires continued progress
towards attainment.
Similarly, the ARB extensively evaluated health effects of ozone exposure. A new state standard
for an 8-hour ozone exposure was adopted in 2005, which aligned with the exposure period for
the federal 8-hour standard. The California 8-hour ozone standard of 0.07 ppm is more stringent
than the federal 8-hour standard of 0.075 ppm. The state standard, however, does not have a
specific attainment deadline. California air quality jurisdictions are required to make steady
progress towards attaining state standards, but there are no hard deadlines or any consequences
of non -attainment. During the same re-evaluation process, the ARB adopted an annual state
standard for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) that is more stringent than the corresponding federal
standard, and strengthened the state one -hour NO2 standard.
As part of EPA's 2002 consent decree on clean air standards, a further review of airborne
particulate matter (PM) and human health was initiated. A substantial modification of federal
clean air standards for PM was promulgated in 2006. Standards for PM-2.5 were strengthened, a
new class of PM in the 2.5 to 10 micron size was created, some PM-10 standards were revoked,
and a distinction between rural and urban air quality was adopted. In December, 2012, the
federal annual standard for PM-2.5 was reduced from 15 µg/m3 to 12 µg/m3 which matches the
California AAQS. The severity of the basin's non -attainment status for PM-2.5 may be increased
by this action and thus require accelerated planning for future PM-2.5 attainment.
In response to continuing evidence that ozone exposure at levels just meeting federal clean air
standards is demonstrably unhealthful, EPA had proposed a further strengthening of the 8-hour
standard. A new 8-hour ozone standard was adopted in 2015 after extensive analysis and public
input. The adopted national 8-hour ozone standard is 0.07 ppm which matches the current
California standard. It will require three years of ambient data collection, then 2 years of non -
attainment findings and planning protocol adoption, then several years of plan development and
approval. Final air quality plans for the new standard are likely to be adopted around 2022.
Ultimate attainment of the new standard in ozone problem areas such as Southern California
might be after 2025.
In 2010 a new federal one -hour primary standard for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was adopted. This
standard is more stringent than the existing state standard. Based upon air quality monitoring
data in the South Coast Air Basin, the California Air Resources Board has requested the EPA to
designate the basin as being in attainment for this standard. The federal standard for sulfur
dioxide (SO2) was also recently revised. However, with minimal combustion of coal and
mandatory use of low sulfur fuels in California, SO2 is typically not a problem pollutant.
Imperial and Paramount AQ — /
BASELINE AIR QUALITY
Long-term air quality monitoring is carried out by the South Coast Air Quality Management
District (SCAQMD) at various monitoring stations. There are no nearby stations that monitor
the full spectrum of pollutants. Ozone, carbon monoxide, PM-2.5 and nitrogen oxides are
monitored at the Pico Rivera facility, while 10-micron diameter particulate matter (PM-10) is
measured at the downtown Los Angeles station. Table 3 summarizes the last five years of
monitoring data from a composite of these data resources. The following conclusions can be
drawn from this data:
a. Photochemical smog (ozone) levels occasionally exceed standards. The 8-hour state
ozone standard as well as the 1-hour state standard have been exceeded on approximately
two percent of all days in the past five years. The 8-hour federal standard has been
exceeded on less than one percent of days for the same period. While ozone levels are
still high, they are much lower than 10 to 20 years ago. Attainment of all clean air
standards in the project vicinity is not likely to occur soon, but the severity and frequency
of violations is expected to continue to slowly decline during the current decade
b. Measurements of carbon monoxide have shown very low baseline levels in comparison to
the most stringent one- and eight -hour standards.
c. Respirable dust (PM-10) levels exceed the state standard on approximately eight percent
of measurement days, but the less stringent federal PM-10 standard has not been violated
once for the same period. Year to year fluctuations of overall maximum 24-hour PM-10
levels seem to follow no discernable trend, though 2017 had the highest maximum 24-
hour concentration and largest number of violations of the state standard in recent history.
d. A substantial fraction of PM-10 is comprised of ultra -small diameter particulates capable
of being inhaled into deep lung tissue (PM-2.5). There have been only six violations of
the maximum 24-hour concentration of all measurement days in the last five years. PM-
2.5 can be an occasional air quality concern in the project area.
Although complete attainment of every clean air standard is not yet imminent, extrapolation of
the steady improvement trend suggests that such attainment could occur within the reasonably
near future.
Imperial and Paramount AQ — O —
Table 3
Air Quality Monitoring Summary (2014-2018)
(Number of Days Standards Were Exceeded, and
Maximum Levels During Such Violations)
Pollutant/Standard
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
' 1-Hour > 0.09 ppm (S)
7
6
9
7
3
8-Hour > 0.07 ppm (S)
7
11
6
9
5
8- Hour > 0.075 ppm (F)
5
2
2
4
2
Max. 1-Hour Conc. (ppm)
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
Max. 8-Hour Conc. (ppm)
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.08
Carbon Monoxide
1-Hour > 20. ppm (S)
0
0
0
0
0
1-Hour > 9. ppm (S, F)
0
0
0
0
0
Max 8-Hour Conc. (ppm)
2.5
1.7
1.7
2.2
1.8
Nitrogen Dioxide
1-Hour > 0.18 ppm (S)
0
0
0
0
0
Max. 1-Hour Conc. (ppm)
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.08
Respirable Particulates (PM-10)
24-Hour > 50 µg/m3 (S) 3/58 26/336 18/277 41/340 31/363
24-Hour > 150 µg/m3 (F)
0/58
0/336
0/277
0/340
0/363
Max. 24-Hr. Conc. (µg/m)
66.
88.
67.
96.
81.
Fine Particulates (PM-2.5)
24-Hour> 35 µg/m3 (F)
0/116
3/118
2/120
1/119
0/133
Max. 24-Hr. Conc. (µg/m)
35.1
52.7
46.6
49.5
35.4
S=State Standard
F=Federal Standard
Source: South Coast AQMD - Pico Rivera Air Monitoring Station for Ozone, CO, NOx and PM-2.5
Downtown Los Angeles Monitoring Station for PM-10
data: www.arb.ca.izov/adam/
Imperial and Paramount AQ -9-
AIR QUALITY PLANNING
The Federal Clean Air Act (1977 Amendments) required that designated agencies in any area of
the nation not meeting national clean air standards must prepare a plan demonstrating the steps
that would bring the area into compliance with all national standards. The SCAB could not meet
the deadlines for ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, or PM-10. In the SCAB, the
agencies designated by the governor to develop regional air quality plans are the SCAQMD and
the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). The two agencies first adopted an
Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) in 1979 and revised it several times as earlier attainment
forecasts were shown to be overly optimistic.
The 1990 Federal Clean Air Act Amendment (CAAA) required that all states with air -sheds with
"serious" or worse ozone problems submit a revision to the State Implementation Plan (SIP).
Amendments to the SIP have been proposed, revised and approved over the past decade. The
most current regional attainment emissions forecast for ozone precursors (ROG and NOx) and
for carbon monoxide (CO) and for particulate matter are shown in Table 4. Substantial
reductions in emissions of ROG, NOx and CO are forecast to continue throughout the next
several decades. Unless new particulate control programs are implemented, PM-10 and PM-2.5
are forecast to slightly increase.
The Air Quality Management District (AQMD) adopted an updated clean air "blueprint" in
August 2003. The 2003 Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) was approved by the EPA in
2004. The AQMP outlined the air pollution measures needed to meet federal health -based
standards for ozone by 2010 and for particulates (PM-10) by 2006. The 2003 AQMP was based
upon the federal one -hour ozone standard which was revoked late in 2005 and replaced by an 8-
hour federal standard. Because of the revocation of the hourly standard, a new air quality
planning cycle was initiated.
With re -designation of the air basin as non -attainment for the 8-hour ozone standard, a new
attainment plan was developed. This plan shifted most of the one -hour ozone standard
attainment strategies to the 8-hour standard. As previously noted, the attainment date was to
"slip" from 2010 to 2021. The updated attainment plan also includes strategies for ultimately
meeting the federal PM-2.5 standard.
Because projected attainment by 2021 required control technologies that did not exist yet, the
SCAQMD requested a voluntary "bump -up" from a "severe non -attainment" area to an "extreme
non -attainment" designation for ozone. The extreme designation was to allow a longer time
period for these technologies to develop. If attainment cannot be demonstrated within the
specified deadline without relying on "black -box" measures, EPA would have been required to
impose sanctions on the region had the bump -up request not been approved. In April 2010, the
EPA approved the change in the non -attainment designation from "severe-17" to "extreme."
This reclassification set a later attainment deadline (2024), but also required the air basin to
adopt even more stringent emissions controls.
Imperial and Paramount AQ — 1 0 -
Table 4
South Coast Air Basin Emissions Forecasts (Emissions in tons/day)
Pollutant 2015a 2020b
2025b
2030b
NOx 357 289
266
257
VOC 400 393
393
391
PM-10 161 165
170
172
PM-2.5 67 68
70
71
a2015 Base Year.
_
bWith current emissions reduction programs and adopted growth forecasts.
Source: California Air Resources Board, 2013 Almanac of Air Quality
In other air quality attainment plan reviews, EPA had disapproved part of the SCAB PM-2.5
attainment plan included in the AQMP. EPA stated that the current attainment plan relied on
PM-2.5 control regulations that had not yet been approved or implemented. It was expected that
a number of rules that were pending approval would remove the identified deficiencies. If these
issues were not resolved within the next several years, federal funding sanctions for
transportation projects could result. The 2012 AQMP included in the current California State
Implementation Plan (SIP) was expected to remedy identified PM-2.5 planning deficiencies.
The federal Clean Air Act requires that non -attainment air basins have EPA approved attainment
plans in place. This requirement includes the federal one -hour ozone standard even though that
standard was revoked almost ten years ago. There was no approved attainment plan for the one -
hour federal standard at the time of revocation. Through a legal quirk, the SCAQMD is now
required to develop an AQMP for the long since revoked one -hour federal ozone standard.
Because the current SIP for the basin contains a number of control measures for the 8-hour ozone
standard that are equally effective for one -hour levels, the 2012 AQMP was believed to satisfy
hourly attainment planning requirements.
AQMPs are required to be updated every three years. The 2012 AQMP was adopted in early
2013. An updated AQMP was required for completion in 2016. The 2016 AQMP was adopted
by the SCAQMD Board in March, 2017, and has been submitted the California Air Resources
Board for forwarding to the EPA. The 2016 AQMP acknowledges that motor vehicle emissions
have been effectively controlled and that reductions in NOx, the continuing ozone problem
pollutant, may need to come from major stationary sources (power plants, refineries, landfill
flares, etc.) . The current attainment deadlines for all federal non -attainment pollutants are now
as follows:
8-hour ozone (70 ppb)
Annual PM-2.5 (12 µg/ml)
8-hour ozone (75 ppb)
1-hour ozone (120 ppb)
24-hour PM-2.5 (35 µg/mj)
2032
2025
2024 (old standard)
2023 (rescinded standard)
2019
Imperial and Paramount AQ - 11 -
The key challenge is that NOx emission levels, as a critical ozone precursor pollutant, are
forecast to continue to exceed the levels that would allow the above deadlines to be met. Unless
additional stringent NOx control measures are adopted and implemented, ozone attainment goals
may not be met.
The proposed project does not directly relate to the AQMP in that there are no specific air quality
programs or regulations governing roadway improvement projects. Conformity with adopted
plans, forecasts and programs relative to population, housing, employment and land use is the
primary yardstick by which impact significance of planned growth is determined. The
SCAQMD, however, while acknowledging that the AQMP is a growth -accommodating
document, does not favor designating regional impacts as less -than -significant just because the
proposed development is consistent with regional growth projections. Air quality impact
significance for the proposed project has therefore been analyzed on a project -specific basis.
Imperial and Paramount AQ
AIR QUALITY IMPACT
Air quality impacts are considered "significant" if they cause clean air standards to be violated
where they are currently met, or if they "substantially" contribute to an existing violation of
standards. Any substantial emissions of air contaminants for which there is no safe exposure, or
nuisance emissions such as dust or odors, would also be considered a significant impact.
Appendix G of the California CEQA Guidelines offers the following five tests of air quality
impact significance. A project would have a potentially significant impact if it:
a. Conflicts with or obstructs implementation of the applicable air quality plan.
b. Results in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutants for which
the project region is non -attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air
quality standard (including releasing emissions which exceed quantitative thresholds for
ozone precursors).
c. Exposes sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations.
d. Creates objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people.
Primary Pollutants
Air quality impacts generally occur on two scales of motion. Near an individual source of
emissions or a collection of sources such as a crowded intersection or parking lot, levels of those
pollutants that are emitted in their already unhealthful form will be highest. Carbon monoxide
(CO) is an example of such a pollutant. Primary pollutant impacts can generally be evaluated
directly in comparison to appropriate clean air standards. Violations of these standards where
they are currently met, or a measurable worsening of an existing or future violation, would be
considered a significant impact. Many particulates, especially fugitive dust emissions, are also
primary pollutants. Because of the non -attainment status of the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB)
for PM-10, an aggressive dust control program is required to control fugitive dust during project
construction.
Secondary Pollutants
Many pollutants, however, require time to transform from a more benign form to a more
unhealthful contaminant. Their impact occurs regionally far from the source. Their incremental
regional impact is minute on an individual basis and cannot be quantified except through
complex photochemical computer models. Analysis of significance of such emissions is based
upon a specified amount of emissions (pounds, tons, etc.) even though there is no way to
translate those emissions directly into a corresponding ambient air quality impact.
Because of the chemical complexity of primary versus secondary pollutants, the SCAQMD has
designated significant emissions levels as surrogates for evaluating regional air quality impact
significance independent of chemical transformation processes. Projects with daily emissions
Imperial and Paramount AQ — 1 3 -
that exceed any of the following emission thresholds are recommended by the SCAQMD to be
considered significant under CEQA guidelines.
Table 5
Daily Emissions Thresholds
Pollutant
Construction
Operations
ROG
75
55
NOx
100
55
CO
550
550
PM-10
150
150
PM-2.5
55
55
Sox
150
150
Lead
3
3
Source: SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook, November, 1993 Rev.
Additional Indicators
In its CEQA Handbook, the SCAQMD also states that additional indicators should be used as
screening criteria to determine the need for further analysis with respect to air quality. The
additional indicators are as follows:
• Project could interfere with the attainment of the federal or state ambient air quality
standards by either violating or contributing to an existing or projected air quality
violation
• Project could result in population increases within the regional statistical area which
would be in excess of that projected in the AQMP and in other than planned locations for
the project's build -out year.
• Project could generate vehicle trips that cause a CO hot spot.
Roadway improvements are not anticipated to substantially alter traffic flow and associated air
pollution emissions. Any measurable air quality impacts would therefore likely only result from
project construction activities.
Imperial and Paramount AQ — 1 4 -
Sensitive Uses
Several legs have adjacent sensitive residential uses as follows:
North of Intersection
12533 Paramount Blvd SFR Condo (2 buildings) 21' from TCE, 40' from work limit
12542 Paramount Blvd, Aspen Place Apts 62'from work limit
12527 Paramount Blvd Athens Apts 26' from work limit
East of Intersection (does not directly front construction but is close to the construction limit
12603 Block Ave SFR 100' from work limit
South of Intersection
12620 Paramount Blvd SFR 65' from work limit
7957 Lyndora St SFR 52' from work limit
West of Intersection
No adjacent sensitive uses
TCE=Temporary Construction Easement
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY IMPACTS
CalEEMod was developed by the SCAQMD to provide a computer model by which to calculate
both construction emissions and operational emissions from a variety of land use projects. It
calculates both the daily maximum and annual average emissions for criteria pollutants as well as
total or annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Although exhaust emissions will result from on and off -site construction equipment, the exact
types and numbers of equipment will vary among contractors such that such emissions cannot be
quantified with certainty. Estimated construction emissions were modeled using
CaIEEMod2016.3.2 to identify maximum daily emissions for each pollutant during project
construction using an equipment fleet for typical project activities.
All four legs of the intersection will be widened to provide sufficient road width for vehicular U-
turn movements. The intersection itself will be reconstructed with concrete pavement and
decorative concrete crosswalks will be added along with modified traffic signals and striping,
signing and pavement markings, street lighting and upgraded bus shelters and furnishings.
Construction is estimated to require 6 months. The durations and equipment shown in Table 6
were modeled in Ca]EEMod for this project.
Imperial and Paramount AQ - 15 -
Table 6
Construction Activity Equipment Fleet
Phase Name and Duration
Equipment
1 Concrete Saw
Demo (30 days)
1 Dozer
3 Loader/Backhoes
Grading (30 days)
1 Grader
1 Dozer
1 Loader/Backhoe
1 Crane
Underground Utilities (30 days)
( 1 Welder
1 Forklift
1 Mixer
1 Paver
Paving and Median Construction
1 Paving Equipment
(3 months)
1 Rollers
1 Loader/Backhoe
Utilizing this indicated equipment fleet and durations shown above, the following worst -case
daily construction emissions are calculated by CalEEMod as shown in Table 7.
Table 7
Construction Activity Emissions
Maximum Daily Emissions (pounds/da
Maximal Construction Emissions
ROG I
NOx
CO
SO2
PM-10
PM-2.5 ('
Year 2021
Unmitigated
2.2
19.8
16.0
0.0
5.7
3.2
Mitigated
2.2
19.8
16.0
0.0
2.9
1.7 J
11 SCAQMD Thresholds
75
100
550
150
150
55
Peak daily construction activity emissions are estimated to be below SCAQMD CEQA
thresholds. The only mitigation measure modeled is as follows:
• Exposed surfaces will be watered three times per day during grading activities
Construction equipment exhaust contains carcinogenic compounds within the diesel exhaust
particulates. The toxicity of diesel exhaust is evaluated relative to a 24-hour per day, 365 days
per year, 70-year lifetime exposure. The SCAQMD does not generally require the analysis of
construction -related diesel emissions relative to health risk due to the short period for which the
majority of diesel exhaust would occur. Health risk analyses are typically assessed over a 9-, 30-,
or 70-year timeframe and not over a relatively brief construction period due to the lack of health
risk associated with such a brief exposure.
Imperial and Paramount AQ - 1 6 -
LOCALIZED SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLDS
The SCAQMD has developed analysis parameters to evaluate ambient air quality on a local level
in addition to the more regional emissions -based thresholds of significance. These analysis
elements are called Localized Significance Thresholds (LSTs). LSTs were developed in
response to Governing Board's Environmental Justice Enhancement Initiative 1-4 and the LST
methodology was provisionally adopted in October 2003 and fonnally approved by SCAQMD's
Mobile Source Committee in February 2005.
Use of an LST analysis for a project is optional. For the proposed project, the primary source of
possible LST impact would be during construction. LSTs are applicable for a sensitive receptor
where it is possible that an individual could remain for 24 hours such as a residence, hospital or
convalescent facility.
LSTs are only applicable to the following criteria pollutants: oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon
monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM-10 and PM-2.5). LSTs represent the maximum
emissions from a project that are not expected to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the
most stringent applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard, and are developed based
on the ambient concentrations of that pollutant for each source receptor area and distance to the
nearest sensitive receptor.
LST screening tables are available for 25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 meter source -receptor distances.
For this project the adjacent residential uses are the considered the closest sensitive receptors
such that the most conservative 25-meter distance was modeled. LST pollutant screening level
concentration data is also dependent on site size. For this project data for the most conservative
1-acre site was used.
The following thresholds and emissions in Table 8 are therefore determined (pounds per day):
Table 8
LST and Project Emissions (pounds/day)
_
LST 1.0 acres/25 meters
CO
NOx
PM-10
PM-2.5
SE LA County
Allowable On -Site Emissions
571
_T
80
4
3
Modeled On -Site Emissions
Unmitigated
16
20
6
3
Mitigated
16
20
3
2
CaIEEMod Output in Appendix
LSTs were compared to the maximum daily construction activities. As seen above, emissions
will meet the LST for construction thresholds with the application of the following mitigation
measure:
• Exposed surfaces will be watered three times per day during grading activities
LST impacts are less -than -significant with the application of this mitigation measure.
Imperial and Paramount AQ - 1 7 -
OPERATIONAL IMPACTS
No substantial changes in traffic patterns would result from project implementation. Minimal
changes in roadway utilization would result from traffic flow improvements, enhanced aesthetics
and small safety benefits. Because the vehicular wait time at the intersection would decrease as
evidenced by the LOS data, the project is considered air quality positive. Operational air quality
impacts would not be considered "substantial" in a CEQA sense.
Imperial and Paramount AQ — 1 8 -
CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS MINIMIZATION
Construction activities are not anticipated to cause dust emissions to exceed SCAQMD CEQA
thresholds. Nevertheless, emissions minimization through enhanced dust control measures is
recommended for use because of the non -attainment status of the air basin and proximity to
existing residential uses. Recommended measures include:
Fugitive Dust Control
• Apply soil stabilizers or moisten inactive areas.
• Prepare a high wind dust control plan.
• Address previously disturbed areas if subsequent construction is delayed.
• Water exposed surfaces as needed to avoid visible dust leaving the construction site
(typically 2-3 times/day).
• Cover all stock piles with tarps at the end of each day or as needed.
• Provide water spray during loading and unloading of earthen materials.
• Minimize in -out traffic from construction zone
• Cover all trucks hauling dirt, sand, or loose material and require all trucks to maintain at
least two feet of freeboard
• Sweep streets daily if visible soil material is carried out from the construction site
Similarly, ozone precursor emissions (ROG and NOx) are calculated to be below SCAQMD
CEQA thresholds. However, because of the regional non -attainment for photochemical smog, the
use of reasonably available control measures for diesel exhaust is recommended. Combustion
emissions control options include:
Exhaust Emissions Control
• Utilize well -tuned off -road construction equipment.
• Establish a preference for contractors using Tier 3 or better heavy equipment.
• Enforce 5-minute idling limits for both on -road trucks and off -road equipment.
Imperial and Paramount AQ — 1 9 -
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
"Greenhouse gases" (so called because of their role in trapping heat near the surface of the earth)
emitted by human activity are implicated in global climate change, commonly referred to as
"global warming." These greenhouse gases contribute to an increase in the temperature of the
earth's atmosphere by transparency to short wavelength visible sunlight, but near opacity to
outgoing terrestrial long wavelength heat radiation in some parts of the infrared spectrum. The
principal greenhouse gases (GHGs) are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water
vapor. For purposes of planning and regulation, Section 15364.5 of the California Code of
Regulations defines GHGs to include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride. Fossil fuel consumption in the
transportation sector (on -road motor vehicles, off -highway mobile sources, and aircraft) is the
single largest source of GHG emissions, accounting for approximately half of GHG emissions
globally. Industrial and commercial sources are the second largest contributors of GHG
emissions with about one-fourth of total emissions.
California has passed several bills and the Governor has signed at least three executive orders
regarding greenhouse gases. GHG statues and executive orders (EO) include AB 32, SB 1368,
EO S-03-05, EO S-20-06 and EO S-01-07.
AB 32 is one of the most significant pieces of environmental legislation that California has
adopted. Among other things, it is designed to maintain California's reputation as a "national
and international leader on energy conservation and environmental stewardship." It will have
wide-ranging effects on California businesses and lifestyles as well as far reaching effects on
other states and countries. A unique aspect of AB 32, beyond its broad and wide-ranging
mandatory provisions and dramatic GHG reductions are the short time frames within which it
must be implemented. Major components of the AB 32 include:
• Require the monitoring and reporting of GHG emissions beginning with sources or
categories of sources that contribute the most to statewide emissions.
• Requires immediate "early action" control programs on the most readily controlled GHG
sources.
• Mandates that by 2020, California's GHG emissions be reduced to 1990 levels.
• Forces an overall reduction of GHG gases in California by 25-40%, from business as
usual, to be achieved by 2020.
• Must complement efforts to achieve and maintain federal and state ambient air quality
standards and to reduce toxic air contaminants.
Statewide, the framework for developing the implementing regulations for AB 32 is under way.
Maximum GHG reductions are expected to derive from increased vehicle fuel efficiency, from
greater use of renewable energy and from increased structural energy efficiency. Additionally,
through the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR now called the Climate Action Reserve),
general and industry -specific protocols for assessing and reporting GHG emissions have been
developed. GHG sources are categorized into direct sources (i.e. company owned) and indirect
sources (i.e. not company owned). Direct sources include combustion emissions from on -and
Imperial and Paramount AQ - 20 -
off -road mobile sources, and fugitive emissions. Indirect sources include off -site electricity
generation and non -company owned mobile sources.
THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
In response to the requirements of S1397, the State Resources Agency developed guidelines for
the treatment of GHG emissions under CEQA. These new guidelines became state laws as part
of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations in March, 2010. The CEQA Appendix G
guidelines were modified to include GHG as a required analysis element. A project would have
a potentially significant impact if it:
• Generates GHG emissions, directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on
the environment, or,
• Conflicts with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted to reduce GHG emissions.
Section 15064.4 of the Code specifies how significance of GHG emissions is to be evaluated.
The process is broken down into quantification of project -related GHG emissions, making a
determination of significance, and specification of any appropriate mitigation if impacts are
found to be potentially significant. At each of these steps, the new GHG guidelines afford the
lead agency with substantial flexibility.
Emissions identification may be quantitative, qualitative or based on performance standards.
CEQA guidelines allow the lead agency to "select the model or methodology it considers most
appropriate." The most common practice for transportation/combustion GHG emissions
quantification is to use a computer model such as CaIEEMod, as was used in the ensuing
analysis.
The significance of those emissions then must be evaluated; the selection of a threshold of
significance must take into consideration what level of GHG emissions would be cumulatively
considerable. The guidelines are clear that they do not support a zero net emissions threshold. If
the lead agency does not have sufficient expertise in evaluating GHG impacts, it may rely on
thresholds adopted by an agency with greater expertise.
On December 5, 2008 the SCAQMD Governing Board adopted an Interim quantitative GHG
Significance Threshold for industrial projects where the SCAQMD is the lead agency (e.g.,
stationary source permit projects, rules, plans, etc.) of 10,000 Metric Tons (MT) CO2
equivalent/year. In September 2010, the SCAQMD CEQA Significance Thresholds GHG
Working Group released revisions which recommended a threshold of 3,000 MT CO2e for all
land use projects. This 3,000 MT/year recommendation has been used as a guideline for this
analysis. In the absence of an adopted numerical threshold of significance, project related GHG
emissions in excess of the guideline level are presumed to trigger a requirement for enhanced
GHG reduction at the project level.
Imperial and Paramount AQ - 2 1 —
PROJECT RELATED GHG EMISSIONS GENERATION
Construction Activity GHG Emissions
The project is assumed to be built in approximately six months. During project construction, the
CaIEEMod2016.3.2 computer model predicts that the construction activities will generate the
annual CO2e emissions identified in Table 9.
Table 9
Construction Emissions (Metric Tons CO2e)
COae
Year 2021 102.9
Amortized 3.4
CaIEEMod Output provided in appendix
SCAQMD GHG emissions policy from construction activities is to amortize emissions over a
30-year lifetime. The amortized level is also provided. GHG impacts from construction are less -
than -significant. Hence, the project will not result in generation of a significant level of
greenhouse gases.
CONSISTENCY WITH GHG PLANS, PROGRAMS AND POLICIES
The City of Downey adopted an Energy Action Plan in 2017 focusing on the energy efficiency as
a means to lower GHG emissions. However, this approach is not applicable for this roadway
improvement project which will have no associated operational emissions. The City has not
adopted regulations for the purpose of reducing GHGs applicable to this project. The applicable
GHG planning document is AB-32. As discussed above, the project is not expected to result in a
significant increase in GHG emissions. As a result, the project results in GHG emissions below
the recommended SCAQMD 3,000 ton threshold. Therefore, the project would not conflict with
any applicable plan, policy, or regulation to reduce GHG emissions.
Imperial and Paramount AQ - 22 -
•1 i • •1 •11
• DAILY EMISSSONS
• ANNUAL EMISSIONS
Imperial and Paramount AQ - 23 -
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2
1.0 Project Characteristics
1.1 Land Usage
Land Uses '
User Defined Industrial
1.2 Other Project Characteristics
Urbanization Urban
Climate Zone 9
Utility Company Southern California Edison
Page 1 of 20
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
Paramount and Imperial Improvements
South Coast Air Basin, Summer
Size
1.00
Wind Speed (m/s) 2.2
Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Metric j Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area ' Population
User Defined Unit 11 1.50 0.00 0
Precipitation Freq (Days) 31
Operational Year 2022
CO2Intensity 702.44 CH4Intensity 0.029 N20Intensity 0.006
(lb/MWhr) (lb/MWhr) (lb/MWhr)
1.3 User Entered Comments & Non -Default Data
Project Characteristics -
Land Use - roadway proj
Construction Phase - 1 month demo, 1 month grading, 1 month move underground utilities, 3 months paving and median construction
Off -road Equipment - added phase
Off -road Equipment -
Trips and VMT - 40 daily worker trips
Construction Off -road Equipment Mitigation -
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 2 of 20
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
Table Name
[ Column Name
1
tblConstruction Phase
NumDays
-----------------------------
tblConstruction Phase
-----------------------------
NumDays
-----------------------------
tblConstruction Phase
-----------------------------
PhaseEndDate
-----------------------------
tblConstruction Phase
-----------------------------
PhaseEndDate
-----------------------------
tblConstruction Phase
-----------------------------
PhaseEndDate
-----------------------------
tblConstruction Phase
-----------------------------
PhaseStartDate
-----------------------------
tblConstruction Phase
-----------------------------
PhaseStartDate
-----------------------------
tblGrading
-----------------------------
AcresOfGrading
-----------------------------
tblLandUse
-----------------------------
LotAcreage
-----------------------------
tblOffRoad Equipment
-----------------------------
OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount
-----------------------------
tblOffRoad Equipment
-----------------------------
OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount
-----------------------------
tblOffRoad Equipment
-----------------------------
OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount
-----------------------------
tblOffRoad Equipment
-----------------------------
PhaseName
-----------------------------
tblOffRoad Equipment
-----------------------------
PhaseName
-----------------------------
tblOffRoad Equipment
-----------------------------
PhaseName
-----------------------------
tblTripsAndVMT
-----------------------------
VendorTripNumber
-----------------------------
tbITripsAndVMT
-----------------------------
VendorTripNumber
-----------------------------
tblTripsAndVMT
-----------------------------
WorkerTripN umber
-----------------------------
tbITripsAndVMT
-----------------------------
WorkerTripN umber
-----------------------------
tbITripsAndVMT
-----------------------------
WorkerTripN umber
-----------------------------
tbITripsAndVMT
-----------------------------
WorkerTripN umber
2.0 Emissions Summary
Default Value
New Value
Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
4.00
20.00
------------------------------
10.00
--------------------------
60.00
------------------------------
3/14/2022
--------------------------
7/27/2021
------------------------------
6/7/2021
--------------------------
6/29/2021
------------------------------
3/28/2022
--------------------------
10/22/2021
------------------------------
6/8/2021
--------------------------
6/30/2021
------------------------------
3/15/2022
--------------------------
8/1 /2021
------------------------------
7.50
--------------------------
1.50
------------------------------
0.00
--------------------------
1.50
------------------------------
0.00
--------------------------
1.00
------------------------------
0.00
--------------------------
1.00
------------------------------
0.00
--------------------------
1.00
------------------------------
--------------------------
Underground Utilities
------------------------------
--------------------------
Underground Utilities
------------------------------
--------------------------
Underground Utilities
------------------------------
0.00
--------------------------
1.00
------------------------------
0.00
--------------------------
5.00
------------------------------
13.00
--------------------------
40.00
------------------------------
8.00
--------------------------
40.00
------------------------------
18.00
--------------------------
40.00
------------------------------
13.00
--------------------------
40.00
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 3 of 20
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
2.1 Overall Construction (Maximum Daily Emission)
Unmitiaated Construction
Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
ROG NOx CO I 502 Fugitive Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM2.5 Totals Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2� Total CO2j CH4
N20 CO2e
1 PM10 PM10
I I 1
Total
PM2.5
PM2.5
1
(
---�
Year lb/day
lb/day
i i i i i
2021 i 0.0 2.1604 � 19.8058 � 15.9944 � 286 � 5.0432 � 1.0442 i
5.6844 �
2.6098
i
� 0.9745
i
3.1998 � 0.0000 i 2,765.476 � 2,765.476 i 0.6059
� 0.0000 � 2,780.623
'�
1 4 4 i
4
Maximum 2.1604 19.8058 15.9944 0.0286 5.0432 1.0442
5.6844
2.6098
0.9745
3.1998 0.0000 2,7655.476 2,7655.476 0.6059
0.0000 2,7800.623
I
I j
(
Mitigated Construction
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
g
FPM10
EPM10t
g
EPM2.5t
PM2.5
Bio
NBio- CO2
CO2�
CH4
N20
CO2e
(PM10(
PM2.5
I
(
CO2
j
Year
lb/day
n
^�
nl ,,Total
lb/day
2021
�2 2.1604
i
� 19.8058 �
i
15.9944 i
0.0286
i
� 2.2396
i i
� 1.0442 �
2.8808
� 1.0902
i
i 0.9745
1.6801
+ 0.0000
i 2,765.476 2,765.476 i
0.6059
0.0000
2,780.623
Maximum
2.1604
19.8058
15.9944
0.0286
2.2396
1.0442
2.8808
1.0902
0.9745
1.6801
0.0000
2,765.476
2,7655.476
0.6059
0.0000
2,780.623
I
I
I
(
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM2.5
Bio- CO2
NBio-0O2 Total CO2 I
CH4
N20
CO2e
PM10
PM10
Total
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Percent
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
55.59
0.00
49.32
58.23
0.00
47.49
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Reduction
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 4 of 20 Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
2.2 Overall Operational
Unmitigated Operational
Category
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
ROG I NOx I CO I S02 I Fugitive { Exhaust ( PM10 I Fugitive I Exhaust I PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 ( NBio- CO2I Total CO2 ( CH4
PM10 j PM10 Total PM2.5 PM2.5
lb/day
Area :1 1.000Oe- i
0.0000
1.000Oe- i
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
005
004
-----------%i------- -------'-------
-------
-------'-------
-------'-------
---------------*----
Energy 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
------ ----- %i--------j----------------j
-------
j-------
'--------j-------
'--------j---------------*----
Mobile .1 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
Total
1.000Oe-
0.0000
1.000Oe-
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
005
004
Mitigated Operational
lb/day
N20 J, CO2e
i 2.2000e- ; 2.2000e- i 0.0000 '
2 3�
i 004 004
i 004
__1---------------------
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
-------T__...__
0.0000 1 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
2.2004 0OOe
12 2004 0OOe- I 0.0000 I 0.0000 12 004 e
ROG
NOx
CO I
S02
FPN110
EPM10t
I FPMtive
Exhaus
PM2.5 Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2j
CH4
N20
CO2e
j
j1
j
Total
2 5
1
5t
j
Category
lb/clay
lb/clay
'
Area
1.000Oe-
0.0000
1.000Oe- i
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
` i 2.2000e-
2.2000e- 0.0000
2.3000e-
�� 005
004
. 004
004
004
Energy
i
�� 0.0000 i
0.0000
i
0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000
1 0.0000
0.0000 � 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
---%
--------------'-------
-------
-------'--------------'-------
-------
-------
--------'--------------'-------*
Mobile
i
�� 0.0000 i
0.0000
i
� 0.0000 i
0.0000
� 0.0000 � 0.0000 �
0.0000
� 0.0000
i
i 0.0000
0.0000
_
� � 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
Total
1. e-
0.0000
1.000004 e-
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
2. e
2 e-
0.0000
0.0000
e
I
005
I
(
004
004
12. 004
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 5 of 20 Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
ROG NOx ' CO S02 Fugitive Exhaust PM10 I Fugitive Exhaust PM2.5 Bio- CO2 NBio-0O2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e
PM10 PM10 Total PM2.5 PM2.5 Total
Percent 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Reduction
3.0 Construction Detail
Construction Phase
Phase
Phase Name
Phase Type
Start Date
End Date
Num Days
Num Days
Phase Description
Number
I
Week
1 •Demolition
+Demolition
i5/1/2021
i5/28/2021 1
5-
20-
+
i
2 •Grading
+Grading
16/2/2021
16/29/2021
5�
20:
+
i
3 :Underground Utilities
+Trenching
16/30/2021
17/27/2021
5:
20:
+
1 1
1
i
4 :Paving and Median Construction
:Paving
:8/1/2021
-10/22/2021
5,
60,
Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 0
Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 1.5
Acres of Paving: 0
Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non -Residential Indoor: 0; Non -Residential Outdoor: 0; Striped Parking Area: 0 (Architectural
Coating — sgft)
OffRoad Equipment
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 6 of 20
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
Phase Name
' Offroad Equipment Type
I Amount
I
Paving and Median Construction
'Cement and Mortar Mixers
;
1
-----------------------------------------
Demolition
---------
'Concrete/Industrial Saws
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- t
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Underground Utilities
'Cranes
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Underground Utilities
',Forklifts
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Paving and Median Construction
+Pavers
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Demolition
'Rubber Tired Dozers
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Grading
'Rubber Tired Dozers
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Demolition
+Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
31
-----------------------------------------------------
Grading
+Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Paving and Median Construction
'Paving Equipment
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Grading
'Graders
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Paving and Median Construction
'Rollers
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Underground Utilities
'Welders
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-------------------------------------------------------+-----------------t
Paving and Median Construction
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
1
Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Usage Hours I
Horse Power '
Load Factor
6.001
9:
0.56
--- ---------------------
8.001
8-*----------
1
0.73
--------- - -- =-------------
� -
--------- 0.29
--------- - -- -----------
=
1 ----------
89
0.20
--------------------------
--
-------- 0.42
--------------------------
--
-------- 0.40
--------------------------
--
-------- 0.40
--------- - -- =-----------
971 -
--------- 0.37
--------- - -- =-----------
971 -
--------- 0.37
--------------------------
--
-------- 0.36
--------------------------
--
-------- 0.41
------------------------
— -
--------- - --
------------------------
8.001
i------------9-:
-----------
46
0.45
------------
8.007
--------------
0.37
Phase Name
Offroad Equipment
Worker Trip
Vendor Trip Hauling Trip
Worker Trip
Vendor Trip
Hauling Trip
Worker Vehicle
Vendor
I Hauling
Count
Number
Number Number
Length
Length
Length
Class
Vehicle Class
Vehicle Class
Demolition
5;
40.00: 0.001 0.00:
14.70;
6.90:
20.00: LD_Mix
HDT_Mix
I HHDT
-------------
Paving and Median A
-------------= '---------
5; 40.00- 5.001 0.00:
---------'----------------------------------
14.70;
6.90:
20.00;LD_Mix
'-----------
iHDT_Mix
' --------
IHHDT
�-
Grading
-------------= '---------
i------------ ,-
3; 40.00: 0.001 0.00:
---------'
�-
14.70;
---------=-
6.90:
- -- -- ----
20.00:LD_Mix
iHDT_Mix
--------
IHHDT
r
;
Underground Utilities
7.
40.00, 1.00, 0.00,
14.70,
6.90,
20.00,LD_Mix
HDT_Mix
HHDT
3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction
Water Exposed Area
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 7 of 20 Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
3.2 Demolition - 2021
Unmitiaated Construction On -Site
ROG
NOx
CO
j S02
Fugitive
I Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
I Exhaust
PM2.5
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2j
Total CO2
CH4
N20
I CO2e
PM10 1
PM10
Total
PM2.5
PM2.5
Totalj
j
1
I{t
Category lb/day
41f
lb/day
Off -Road •1 1.9930 19.6966 14.4925 i 0.0241 i 1.0409
1.0409
i 0.9715
0.9715
i 2,322.717 2,322.717 0.5940 i
2,337.565
Total
1.9930
19.6966
14.4925
0.0241
1.0409
1.0409
0.9715
0.9715
2,3221.717
2,322.717
0.5940
'
I
(
I2,3377.565
Unmitiaated Construction Off -Site
(
PM10 PM10 Total PM2.5 PM2.5
� ROG I NOx n CO S02 � Fugitive I Exhaust PM10 Fugitive Exhaust PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- G02 � Total CO2CH4 N20 CO2e
n, ^
Category 1 lb/day lb/day
Haulm g
OA000-I-
i i
OA000-'_
0-0000_'_
0�0000-i
0000-„
0
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
--0-„0000„-„-______�
�
t-00000
----- --e'-
-
-
i-------�----------
_____
`_______�_______�
j-------'-------j-------
------
Vendor
•�
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
� 0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000 0.0000 t
0.0000 �
0.0000
--
Worker •1 0.1674
i
i 0.1092 �
1.5019
i i
� 4.4400e- �
0.4471
� 3.3100e- �
0.4504 �
0.1186 i 3.0500e-
0.1216
i i 442.7593 � 442.7593 �
i
0.0119 i
� 443.0577
003
003
003
Total
0.1674
0.1092
1.5019
4.4400e-
0.4471
3.3100e-
0.4504
0.1186
3.0500e-
0.1216
442.7593
442.7593
0.0119
443.0577
003
003
003
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 8 of 20 Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
3.2 Demolition - 2021
Mitiaated Construction On -Site
ROG NOx CO j S02 Fugitive I Exhaust PM10
1{t PM10 1 PM10 Total
Category lb/day
Off -Road 1 1.9930 19.6966 14.4925 i 0.0241 i 1.0409 1.0409
Total ' 1.9930 19.6966 14.4925 0.0241 1.0409 1.0409
Mitiaated Construction Off -Site
Fugitive Exhaust PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 f Total CO2 CH4
PM2.5 PM2.5 1
lb/day
0.9715 0.9715 0.0000 i 2,322.717 2,322.717 0.5940
0.9715 I 0.9715 ( 0.0000 2,322.717 2,322.717 0.5940
1 1
N20 j CO2e
2,337.565
i 8
2,337.565
8
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
FPM10
ExxhMausst10
M1Tot
Fugitive
xhha
Exhaust
M 5
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2j
Total CO2j
CH4
N20
CO2e
I
I
I
j
I
J
PM2.5
PMZ5t
Total
j
Category
lb/day
lb/day
0�0000-
0�0000-�
0-00-0
0 •
i 0.0000
Hauling--e'-
OA000-j-
OA000-
i i
0-0000-
0�0000-J-
0�0000- OA000-
OA000-
0.0000 0.0000
j-
j-
j- j-
j-
j-
-_
'
, '
t-00000
_ -----
_ `-------i-------
--------------
------- ------
Vendor
•�
0.0000
i
i 0.0000 �
0.0000
i i
� 0.0000 �
i
0.0000 � 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 `
i 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000
__
Worker •1 0.1674
i
i 0.1092 �
1.5019
i i
� 4.4400e- �
0.4471 3.3100e-
0.4504
0.1186 i 3.0500e-
0.1216 i
i 442.7593 442.7593 0.0119 i
443.0577
003
003
003
Total
0.1674
0.1092
1.5019
4.4400e-
0.4471
3.3100e-
0.4504
0.1186
3.0500e-
0.1216
442.7593
442.7593
0.0119
443.0577
003
003
003
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 9 of 20 Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
3.3 Grading - 2021
Unmitiaated Construction On -Site
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
Fugitive
Exhaust
10tal I
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM2.5 Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO25
Total CO2
CH4
N20
I CO2e
I
j
P
1
giti 5
j
j
�
1
Category
lb/day
lb/day
Fugitive Dust
•1
I I I I
I I I 1
I
4.5961 1 0.0000
I I
1 4.5961 1
1
2.4913 I
0.0000
777"
2.4913 i
I
I 1
I I
0.0000 I I
0.0000
r1
=-
1
r------_
Off -Road
•1 1.2884
'1
I 1 I 1
I 14.3307 1 6,3314 1 0.0141 I
I
1 0.6379
I 1
1 0.6379 I
I
I
0.5869
0.5869
1
11,365.06411,365.0641
1
I I
0.4415 I
1,376.102
I 1 I 1
1
1 1
I
8 1
8 I I
1 0
Total
1.2884
14.3307
6.3314
0.0141
4.5961
0.6379
5.2340
2.4913
0.5869
3.0781
1,3655.064
1,3655.064
0.4415
'
I I
I1,3766.102
Unmitiaated Construction Off -Site
ROG I NOx I CO S02 Fugitive
MExhaust
Total Bio- CO2 j
NBio- CO2� Total CO2 [ CH4 j N20 j CO2e
�I ' P10 I PM10Total I PM2 5 Exhaust
�P2 P 11{
Category lb/day lb/day
Haulm g
OA000
OA000
1 1
0-0000
0�0000
1 1
0 000-„
0
0.0000 1
0.0000
1 0.0000
0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0 0000
i
-„„-0-„0000„-„-
1 I
1 1
I
1
�
t -
----- - - -
-
_
- -
_
-
_ _ _ _ _ _ �-------�----------
_ _ _ _ _
` _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ �-------'-------j-------
------
Vendor
•1
0.0000
1- 1_
1 0.0000 1
0.0000
I_
1 0.0000 1
0.0000
0.0000
1
0.0000 1
0.0000
I
1 0.0000
0.0000
1 I
1 0.0000 1 0.0000 1
I
0.0000 I
0.0000
I I
1 1
1 I
I
1
I I
I
- - •1
Worker •1 0.1674
I 1
I 0.1092 1
1.5019
1 1
14.4400e- 1
0.4471
1 1
1 3.3100e- 1
1
0.4504 1
1
0.1186 13.0500e-
0.1216
i 1
1 I
i 1 442.7593 1 442.7593 1
I
0.0119 I
1
� 443.0577
003 1
1 003 I
I
I 003
Total
0.1674
0.1092
1.5019
4.4400e-
0.4471
3.3100e-
0.4504
0.1186
3.0500e-
0.1216
442.7593 442.7593
0.0119
443.0577
003
003
003
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 10 of 20 Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
3.3 Grading - 2021
Mitiaated Construction On -Site
ROG
NOx
CO
j S02
Fugitive
I Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive I
Exhaust
PM2.5
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2
CH4
N20
I CO2e
PM10 1
PM10
Total
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
1
Category
I{t
lb/day
41f
lb/day
Fugitive Dust
•i
I I I 1
1,7925 1 0.0000
1 1.7925 1
0.9716 1
0.0000
0.9716
i I 1
0.0000 I 1
0.0000
r1
=- 1
r------_
Off -Road
•1 1.2884
'1
I 1 I 1
1 14.3307 1 6.3314 1 0.0141 I
I
1 0.6379
I 1
1 0.6379 I
I
1
0.5869
0.5869
1
0.0000 11,365.06411,365,0641
1
I I
0.4415 1
1,376.102
I 1 I 1
1
1 1
I
8 1
8 1 I
1 0
Total
1.2884
14.3307
6.3314
0.0141
1.7925
0.6379
2.4304
0.9716
0.5869
1.5585
0.0000
1,3655.064
1,3655.064
0.4415
'
I
I
I1,3766.102
Mitiaated Construction Off -Site
g I gExhaust
' CH4 ( N20 CO2e
� ROG ( NOx ( CO S02 � Fugitive
� Exhaust
Total Fugitive
M2 5 EPM2 5t PM2.5 Total` Bio- CO2 NBio- G02 � TotalCO2 ^
Category lb/day lb/day
Haulm 9
OA000
OA000
1 1
0-0000
0�0000
1 1
0.0000
0
0.0000 1
0.0000
1 0.0000
0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0 0000
i
--0-„0000„-„-
1 1
1 1
1
1
�
t -
----- - - -
-
_
- -
_
-
_ _ _ _ _ _ �-------�----------
_ _ _ _ _
` _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ �-------'-------j-------
------
Vendor
•1
0.0000
1- 1_
1 0.0000 1
0.0000
1_
1 0.0000 1
0.0000
0.0000
1
0.0000 1
0.0000
1
1 0.0000
0.0000
1 1
1 0.0000 1 0.0000 1
1
0.0000 1
0.0000
I 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1 1
I
- - •1
Worker •1 0.1674
I 1
1 0.1092 1
1.5019
1 1
1 4.4400e- 1
0.4471
1 1
1 3.3100e- 1
1
0.4504 1
1
0.1186 1 3.0500e-
0.1216
i 1
1 1
i 1 442.7593 1 442.7593 1
I
0.0119 1
1
� 443.0577
003 1
1 003 1
1
1 003
Total
0.1674
0.1092
1.5019
4.4400e-
0.4471
3.3100e-
0.4504
0.1186
3.0500e-
0.1216
442.7593 442.7593
0.0119
443.0577
003
003
003
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 11 of 20 Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
3.4 Underground Utilities - 2021
Unmitiaated Construction On -Site
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
EPM10
Exhaust
10tal
I Fugitive
Exhaust
PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2
CH4
N20
I CO2e
I
j
P
giti 5
1
1
Category
lb/day
lb/day
Off -Road •1 0.7093 6.0303 i 4.0818 8.0300e- i
0.2846 i
0.2846
i 0.2677
0.2677 i 737.5549 737.5549 i 0.1985 i
742.5163
003
Total
0.7093
6.0303
4.0818
8.0300e-
0.2846
0.2846
0.2677
0.2677
737.5549
737.5549
0.1985
'
003
I
(
1742.5163
Unmitiaated Construction Off -Site
ROG I NOx I CO S02 Fugitive
MExhaust
Total Bio- CO2 j
NBio- CO2� Total CO2 [ CH4 j N20 j CO2e
�I ' P10 I PM10Total I PM2 5 Exhaust
�P2 P 11{
Category lb/day lb/day
Haulm g
i i
OA000_,_ OA000_J_
0-0000-,-
0�0000-j
0000-„
0 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
-„„-0-„0000„-„-
t-00000
--e'_
- i
Vendor •i 2.8100e- i 0.0958 �
0.0233
i
� 2.5000e- �
6.4000e- � 2.000Oe- � 6.5900e-
i
i 1.8400e- � 1.9000e-
_____ `_______�_______�
2.0300e- i
i
i 27.0744 i 27.0744 � 1.6700e- �
� 27.1162
•� 003
004
003 004 003
003 004
003 .
003
-- i
Worker •1 0.1674 i 0.1092 �
1.5019
i i
� 4.4400e- �
0.4471 � 3.3100e- � 0.4504
� 0.1186 i 3.0500e-
0.1216 i
i
i 442.7593 � 442.7593 � 0.0119 i
� 443.0577
•�
003
003
003
Total
0.1702
0.2050
1.5251
4.6900e-
0.4535
3.5100e-
0.4570
0.1204
3.2400e-
0.1237
469.8337
469.8337
0.0136
470.1739
003
003
003
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 12 of 20 Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
3.4 Underground Utilities - 2021
Mitiaated Construction On -Site
ROG
NOx
CO
j S02
Fugitive
I Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
I Exhaust
PM2.5
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2j
Total CO2
CH4
N20
I CO2e
PM10 1
PM10
Total
PM2.5
PM2.5
Totalj
j
1
I{t
Category
lb/day
41f
lb/day
Off -Road •1 0.7093 6.0303 4.0818 8.0300e- i
0.2846 i
0.2846
0.2677
0.2677
0.0000 i 737.5549 737.5549 i 0.1985 i
742.5163
003
Total
0.7093
6.0303
4.0818
8.0300e-
0.2846
0.2846
0.2677
0.2677
0.0000
737.5549
737.5549
0.1985
'
003
I
(
1742.5163
Mitiaated Construction Off -Site
(
PM10 PM10 Total PM2.5 PM2.5
� ROG I NOx n CO S02 � Fugitive I Exhaust PM10 Fugitive Exhaust PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- G02 � Total CO2CH4 N20 CO2e
n, ^
Category 1 lb/day lb/day
Haulm g
i i
OA000_,_ OA000_J_
0-0000-,-
0�0000-j
0000-„
0 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
--0-„0000„-„-______�
�
t-00000
--e'_
- i
Vendor •i 2.8100e- i 0.0958 �
0.0233
i
� 2.5000e- �
6.4000e- � 2.000Oe- � 6.5900e-
i
i 1.8400e- � 1.9000e-
_____ `_______�_______�
2.0300e- i
i
i 27.0744 i 27.0744 � 1.6700e- �
� 27.1162
•� 003
004
003 004 003
003 004
003 .
003
-- i
Worker •1 0.1674 i 0.1092 i
1.5019
i i
� 4.4400e- �
0.4471 � 3.3100e- � 0.4504
� 0.1186 � 3.0500e-
0.1216 i
i
i 442.7593 � 442.7593 � 0.0119 �
� 443.0577
•�
003
003
003
Total
0.1702
0.2050
1.5251
4.6900e-
0.4535
3.5100e-
0.4570
0.1204
3.2400e-
0.1237
469.8337
469.8337
0.0136
470.1739
003
003
003
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 13 of 20
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
3.5 Paving and Median Construction - 2021
Unmitiaated Construction On -Site
Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
Fugitive
I Exhaust
PM10 I
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM2.5 Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2
CH4
N20
I CO2e
1
j
PM10 1
PM10
Total 1
PM2.5
PM2.5
1
Category
SI
lb/day
lb/day
Off -Road
•1
0.7739
I 7.7422 1 8.8569 I 0.0135
I 1 0.4153
I 0.4153 I
I 0.3830
0.3830
I I I
i 1,296.8661 1,296.866 I 0.4111 11,307.144
'I
'1
I 1 I
I I 1
1 1
1 I
1 1
1 I
1
1
1 4 1 4 1 I
1 1 1 I
1 2
rl
=-
1
1
+-------
Paving
•I
0.0000
I 1 1
I 1 I
1 1
1 1 0.0000
1 1
1 0.0000 1
1
I 0.0000
0.0000
1 1 I
1 1 0.0000 I I
0.0000
'1
I 1 I
1 1
1 1
I
1 1 1 I
•
1
Total
0.7739
7.7422
8.8569
0.0135
0.4153
0.4153
0.3830
0.3830
1,294.866
1,294.866
0.4111
'
I (
I1,302.144
Unmitiaated Construction Off -Site
ROG I NOx I CO I S02 I F PM10 Fugitive Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 [ CH4 j N20 j CO2e
PM10 Exhaust
, TotalPM2.5
Exhaust
t 2 5 Tota� 11{
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling
0.0000
i 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000 „„„
0„0000
0 0000 ' 0.0000
1 �
1 0.0000 1 0.0000
0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
.�
I 1
I 1
I
1
'
1
1 I
- -
Vendor •1 0.0141
I 1
1 0.4788 1
0.1163
1 1
1 1.2600e- 1
0.0320
1 1
1 9.8000e- 1 0.0330
1 1
1 9.2100e- 1 9.3000e-
0.0102
1
1 1 I
` 1 135.3719 1 135.3719 18.3700e- I
� 135.5812
003 1
I 004 I
1 003 I 004
. 1 1 I 003 I
1
i 1 I I
1
- -
Worker •1 0.1674
I 1
I 0.1092 1
1.5019
1 1
14.4400e- 1
0.4471
1 1
13.3100e- 1 0.4504
1 1
1 0.1186 13.0500e-
0.1216
1 1 I
i 1 442.7593 1442.7593 1 0.0119 I
� 443.0577
003 1
I 003 I
1 I 003
Total
0.1815
0.5880
1.6182
5.7000e-
0.4791
4.2900e- 0.4834
0.1278 3.9800e-
0.1318
578.1312 578.1312 0.0203
578.6388
003
003
003
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 14 of 20
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
3.5 Paving and Median Construction - 2021
Mitiaated Construction On -Site
Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
ROG
NOx
CO
j S02
Fugitive
I Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
I Exhaust
PM2.5
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2j
Total CO2
CH4
N20
I CO2e
1
PM10 1
PM10
Total
PM2.5
PM2.5
Totalj
j
1
Category
I{t
lb/day
41f
lb/day
Off -Road
•1
0.7739
I 7.7422 1 8.8569 I 0.0135
I I 0.4153
I 0.4153 I
I 0.3830
7
0.3830
I I I
0.0000 i 1,296.866 1 1,296.866 I 0.4111 I
1,307.144
'1
I I I
I I
I I
1
1 4 1 4 I I
1 2
r1
=- 1
+- --- --_
Paving
•1
0.0000
I 1 I
I I I
1 I
I I 0.0000
I 1
1 0.0000 I
I
I 0.0000
0.0000
1 I I
I 1 0.0000 I I
0.0000
'I
I 1 I
1 1
1 1
I
1 1 1 I
•
1
Total
0.7739
7.7422
8.8569
0.0135
0.4153
0.4153
0.3830
0.3830
0.0000
1,294.866
1,294.866
0.4111
'
I
(
I1,302.144
Mitiaated Construction Off -Site
I ROG 1 NOx I CO I S02 j Fugiitiv0e 1 Exhnnausst M1 I Fugitive PM2.5 � Exhaust
xhha PMZ5t j M� 5 Bio- CO2 j NBio- CO2j Total CO2 [ CH4 j N20 1 CO2e
PM1Category lb/day J lb/day
Hauling
OA000
OA000'
0.0000,
0�0000'
0�0000
OA000'OA000'
0.0000'00000
OA000•
OA000'0.0000'00000I
00000e
i
'
I
---'- --
Vendor 0.0141
---
1 0.4788 1
0.1163
-
1 1.2600e- 1
--
0.0320
--
1 9.8000e- 1 0.0330
----�--_
1 9.2100e- 1 9.3000e-
-`__---__-
0.0102
----�--------t------
` 1 135.3719 1 135.3719 18.3700e- 1135.5812
-
003 1
1 004 I
1 003 I 004
003 I
1
i 1 I I
1
. __
Worker •1 0.1674
I 1
I 0.1092 1
1.5019
1 1
14.4400e- 1
0.4471
1 1
1 3.3100e- 1 0.4504
1 1
1 0.1186 13.0500e-
0.1216
1 1 I
i 1 442.7593 1 442.7593 1 0.0119 I
� 443.0577
003 1
1 003 I
1 I 003
Total
0.1815
0.5880
1.6182
5.7000e-
0.4791
4.2900e- 0.4834
0.1278 3.9800e-
0.1318
578.1312 578.1312 0.0203
578.6388
003
003
003
4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 15 of 20 Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile
IROG I NOx 1 CO I S02 j FPM10 EPM10t M10 Fugitive PM2.5 EPM2.5t PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2I Total CO2 CH4 I N20 1 CO2e
Category 1 lb/day lb/day
i i i i i
Mitigated �� 0.0000 i 0.0000 � 0.0000 � 0.0000 � 0.0000 � 0.0000 � 0.0000 � 0.0000 � 0.0000 0.0000 � � 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
i i i • i
Unmitigated 0.0000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 0.0000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 - 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4.2 Trip Summary Information
Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated
Land Use ( Weekday Saturday Sunday Annual VMT ' Annual VMT
User Defined Industrial ; 0.00 ; 0.00 0.00
Total 0.00 0.00 I 0.00
4.3 Trip Type Information
1 Miles 1 Trip % j Trip Purpose %
Land Use ' H-W or C-W ( H-S or C-C' H-0 or C-NW'H-W or C-W f H-S or C-C I H-0 or C-NW ( Primary ' Diverted I Pass -by
User Defined Industrial 16.60 8.40 6.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0
4.4 Fleet Mix
Land Use LDA I LDT1 ( LDT2 I MDV I LHD1 I LHD2 I MHD I HHD I OBUS I UBUS I MCY I SBUS I MH
User Defined Industrial 0.552111• 0.043066 - 0.201891. 0.118512 - 0.015605 - 0.005863 - 0.021387 - 0.031253 - 0.002087 - 0.001818 - 0.004803 , 0.000708 - 0.000896
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 16 of 20 Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
5.0 Energy Detail
Historical Energy Use: N
5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy
ROG I NOx 1 CO S02 j FPM10 EPM10t M10tal I Fugitive PM2.5 EPM2.5t PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2j Total CO2 CH4 I N20 j CO2e
j jj I j
Category 1 lb/day 1 lb/day
NaturalGas �� 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 i � 0.0000 0.0000 � 0.0000 0.0000 i 0.0000
Mitigated
i i i i i
NaturalGas 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Unmitigated
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 17 of 20
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas
Unmitigated
Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
NaturalGa ROG
NOx
CO
S02
Fugitive
9
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
9
Exhaust
PM2.5 Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
s Use
I
I
PM10
I
PM10
Total
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Land Use
kBTU/yr
lb/day
-
lb/day
User Defined
i
� 0 0.0000 i
i i i
0.0000 � 0.0000 � 0.0000 i � 0.0000 i
0.0000 �
i
i 0.0000
i
0.0000 � i 0.0000 � 0.0000 � 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000
Industrial
Total
'
I 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 I
0.0000
I
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
I 0.0000
Mitiaated
N s Ga ROG NOx CO S02 UseI
Land Use kBTU/yr
User Defined i 0 0.0000 1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 i
Industrial i .1
Total ' I 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6.0 Area Detail
6.1 Mitigation Measures Area
Fugitive Exhaust PM10 Fugitive Exhaust PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e
PM10 1 PM10 j Total PM2.5 j PM2.5 j j 1 j
lb/day lb/day
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000 i 0.0000 1 0.0000 1 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 ( 0.0000
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 18 of 20 Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
ROG NOx
CO
S02 I FugitiveExhaust
FugitiveExhaust
PMo{ 5
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2jTotal CO2 CH4 N20
f CO2e
11 I
jj
PM10
1
Total
M2 5
j (
Category
lb/day
lb/day
Jlt
Mitigated
I
-1 1.000Oe- I 0.0000
1 1
11.000Oe- 1
I 1 1
0.0000 I 1 0.0000 1
0.0000
1 I
I 1 0.0000 �
-
0.0000 �
I 1 I
i 2.2000e- 1 2.2000e- 1 0.0000 I
� 2.3000e-
.1 005 I
1 004 I
I I I
I I
.
I 004 1 004 I I
1 004
Unmitigated
1.000Oe- 0.0000
1.000Oe-
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
2.2000e- 2.2000e- - 0.0000 -
2.3000e-
005
004
004 004
004
6.2 Area by SubCategory
Unmitigated
ROG
NOx
CO I
S02
FPM10
EPM10t
Total
( Fugitive
I Exhaust
M{ 5
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2I
Total CO2j
CH4
N20
f CO2e
1
J
PM2.5
J (
l
j
SubCategory
lb/day
lb/day
11f
Architectural
I
0.0000 1
1 I
1 I
I I 0.0000
1 1 I
0.0000 1
I 0.0000
0.0000
I 0.0000
0.0000
Coating
•I
1
I
1
I 1 1 I
I
1
-
,1 I
'1"
I I
I 1 I
I I
*-
1 I I
1
Consumer
I
:1 0.0000 1
I I
1 I
I 1 1
1 1 0.0000 I
1
0.0000 1
I
I 0.0000
0.0000
I" 1 1 1
I I 0.0000 I i
0.0000
Products
.1
I 1 I I
1
Landscaping
:1 1.000Oe- 1
0.0000 1 1.000Oe- I
0.0000 1 1 0.0000 I
0.0000 I
I 0.0000
0.0000
I 2.2000e- 12.2000e- I 0.0000 1
2.3000e-
.1 005 1
1 004 1
I 1 1
I
1
004 004 � �
004
I
�
Total
1.0e-
0.0000
1.00000e-
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
2 e
2 2004 0OOe-
0.0000
2.300
005
I
4
I
I
004
40e-
(
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 19 of 20 Date: 1/1/2020 12:36 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Summer
6.2 Area by SubCategory
Mitiaated
ROG
NOx
CO I
S02
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM2.5
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
I 1
PM10 1,
PM10
Total
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
j
I
SubCategory
lb/day
lb/day
Architectural i 0.0000 i
i
i i
0.0000 i
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000 i
0.0000
Coating
Consumer •i 0.0000 i
i 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 i
0.0000
Products •�
i
i
Landscaping •i 1.00OOe- i
0.0000 1.00OOe- i
i i
0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000
1 2.2000e-
i
2.2000e- i 0.0000
2.3000e-
•� 005
.� �
004
� i
i � �
�
i
� 004
004 � �
� 004
Total
1.000050e-
0.0000
1.00OOOOe-
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
2.2004 e
2.2004 e-
0.0000
2. e
I
I
I
004
(
7.0 Water Detail
7.1 Mitigation Measures Water
8.0 Waste Detail
8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste
9.0 Operational Offroad
Equipment Type I Number
10.0 Stationary Equipment
Fire Pumas and Emeraencv Generators
Hours/Day ' Days/Year ( Horse Power I Load Factor L Fuel Type I
CoEEModVersion: CaEEK4od.2016.3.2 Pooe20uf20 Date: 1/1/202012:36PM
K Equipment Typo
Boilers
K8 Equipment Type
User Defined Eouipmnent
U Equipment Type
11.0 Vegetation
~
Paramount and Imperial Improvements -SoudhCoastAirBa*in.Gummer
U Number K Hours/Day K Hours/Year K Horse Power U Load Factor K Fme|Typ* U
8 Numbe K Hoo �puVDmy U Hea |npuVYmar U BoUe Rehng U Fuo Typ* U
U K — K -- U K U
~~ ^
U NumberU
U U
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2
1.0 Project Characteristics
1.1 Land Usage
Land Uses '
User Defined Industrial
1.2 Other Project Characteristics
Urbanization Urban
Climate Zone 9
Utility Company Southern California Edison
Page 1 of 25
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
Paramount and Imperial Improvements
South Coast Air Basin, Annual
Size
1.00
Wind Speed (m/s) 2.2
Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
IMetric Lot Acreage I Floor Surface Area Population
User Defined Unit 1.50 0.00 0
Precipitation Freq (Days) 31
Operational Year 2022
CO2Intensity 702.44 CH4Intensity 0.029 N20Intensity 0.006
(lb/MWhr) (lb/MWhr) (lb/MWhr)
1.3 User Entered Comments & Non -Default Data
Project Characteristics -
Land Use - roadway proj
Construction Phase - 1 month demo, 1 month grading, 1 month move underground utilities, 3 months paving and median construction
Off -road Equipment - added phase
Off -road Equipment -
Trips and VMT - 40 daily worker trips
Construction Off -road Equipment Mitigation -
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 2 of 25
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
Table Name
[ Column Name
1
tblConstruction Phase
NumDays
-----------------------------
tblConstruction Phase
-----------------------------
NumDays
-----------------------------
tblConstruction Phase
-----------------------------
PhaseEndDate
-----------------------------
tblConstruction Phase
-----------------------------
PhaseEndDate
-----------------------------
tblConstruction Phase
-----------------------------
PhaseEndDate
-----------------------------
tblConstruction Phase
-----------------------------
PhaseStartDate
-----------------------------
tblConstruction Phase
-----------------------------
PhaseStartDate
-----------------------------
tblGrading
-----------------------------
AcresOfGrading
-----------------------------
tbILandUse
-----------------------------
LotAcreage
-----------------------------
tblOffRoad Equipment
-----------------------------
OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount
-----------------------------
tblOffRoad Equipment
-----------------------------
OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount
-----------------------------
tblOffRoad Equipment
-----------------------------
OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount
-----------------------------
tblOffRoad Equipment
-----------------------------
PhaseName
-----------------------------
tblOffRoad Equipment
-----------------------------
PhaseName
-----------------------------
tblOffRoad Equipment
-----------------------------
PhaseName
-----------------------------
tbITripsAndVMT
-----------------------------
VendorTripNumber
-----------------------------
tbITripsAndVMT
-----------------------------
VendorTripNumber
-----------------------------
tbITripsAndVMT
-----------------------------
WorkerTripN umber
-----------------------------
tbITripsAndVMT
-----------------------------
WorkerTripN umber
-----------------------------
tb1TripsAndVMT
-----------------------------
WorkerTripN umber
-----------------------------
tbITripsAndVMT
-----------------------------
WorkerTripN umber
2.0 Emissions Summary
Default Value
New Value
Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
4.00
20.00
------------------------------
10.00
--------------------------
60.00
------------------------------
3/14/2022
--------------------------
7/27/2021
------------------------------
6/7/2021
--------------------------
6/29/2021
------------------------------
3/28/2022
--------------------------
10/22/2021
------------------------------
6/8/2021
--------------------------
6/30/2021
------------------------------
3/15/2022
--------------------------
8/1 /2021
------------------------------
7.50
--------------------------
1.50
------------------------------
0.00
--------------------------
1.50
------------------------------
0.00
--------------------------
1.00
------------------------------
0.00
--------------------------
1.00
------------------------------
0.00
--------------------------
1.00
------------------------------
--------------------------
Underground Utilities
------------------------------
--------------------------
Underground Utilities
------------------------------
--------------------------
Underground Utilities
------------------------------
0.00
--------------------------
1.00
------------------------------
0.00
--------------------------
5.00
------------------------------
13.00
--------------------------
40.00
------------------------------
8.00
--------------------------
40.00
------------------------------
18.00
--------------------------
40.00
------------------------------
13.00
--------------------------
40.00
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 3 of 25
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
2.1 Overall Construction
Unmitiaated Construction
Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
ROG j NOx 1 CO I S02 1 Fugitive Exhaust 1 PM10 , I Fugitive Exhaust PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2i Total CO2I CH4 I N20 j CO2e
PM10 PM10 Total PM2.5 PM2.5
Year tons/yr MT/yr
i i i i i i
2021 i 0.0736 i 0.6558 0.6025 1.1600e- 0.0733 i 0.0323 i 0.1056 0.0322 0.0300 0.0622 0.0000 i 102.2855 102.2855 i 0.0233 0.0000 102.8667
003
Maximum I 0.0736 0.6558 0.6025 1.1600e- 0.0733 0.0323 0.1056 0.0322 0.0300 I 0.0622 I 0.0000 102.2855 102.2855 0.0233 0.0000 ( 102.8667
003
Mitigated Construction
ROG NOx CO j S02 Fugitiv
EPM10t PM10 Fugitive
PM2.5 EPM2.5f PM2.5 Total Bio CO2 n NBio- CO2 T otal CO2 CH4 N20 I CO2e
Year tons/yr t MT/yr
i i i
2021 0.0736 � 0.6558 � 0.6025 i 1.1600e- � 0.0453 � 0.0323 � 0.0776 � 0.0170 i 0.0300 0.0470 + 0.0000 i 102.2854 � 102.2854 � 0.0233 � 0.0000 � 102.8666
'� 003 i
Maximum I 0.0736 0.6558 0.6025 1.1600e- 0.0453 0.0323 0.0776 0.0170 0.0300 I 0.0470 I 0.0000 102.2854 102.2854 0.0233 0.0000 ( 102.8666
003
ROG NOx CO S02 Fugitive 1 Exhaust PM10 Fugitive Exhaust PM2.5 Bio- CO2 NBio-0O2 Total CO2 I CH4 N20 CO2e
PM10 PM10 Total PM2.5 PM2.5 Total
Percent 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.25 0.00 26.54 47.20 0.00 24.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Reduction
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 4 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Quarter
Start Date
End Date
1
5-1-2021
7-31-2021
2
8-1-2021
9-30-2021
Highest
2.2 Overall Operational
Unmitigated Operational
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
Maximum Unmitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter)
0.4498
0.2023
0.4498
Maximum Mitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter)
0.4498
0.2023
0.4498
ROG
NOx
I CO
ive EPM10t
S02 FPM10
t
PM2.5 Total
j
1
I j
Total PM2.5
PM2.5Fugitive
Category
tons/yr
Area 0.0000 i
0.0000
1.00OOe-
i 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000
1
1 005
I I 1 1
1
I
1 I 1
I 1 1 1
1 I
Energy 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000
-----------%i-------'-------'-------'-------'-------'
I 1 1 1
------- '-------
1 I
'------- '----------------
•
Mobile .1 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000
'1 I
1
I 1 1 1
1
I
•
'1 I 1
------------ %i------- '------- '-------
I 1 1 1
'------- '------- '------- '-------
1 I
'------- '----------------
•
Waste .1 i
i 0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000
'1 I
1
I I 1 1
1
I
•
'1 I 1
------------ %i------- '------- '-------
I 1 1 1
'------- '------- '------- '-------
1 I
'------- '----------------
•
Water .1 i
i 0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000
'1 I
1
I 1 1 1
1
I
, •
Total 0.0000
0.0000
1.00OOe-
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
I
005
I I
Bio- CO2 j NBio- CO2j
Total CO2j CH4
MT/yr
N20 I CO2e
0.0000
0005 e- 0005 e=J-
0-0000-,-
0-0000-
IT
1
j-2
-3.000Oe-
i 005
-'-2
0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 1 0.0000
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1
0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1
0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1
0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1
0.0000
12.0005 a
12 0005 e- I
0.0000 I
0.0000
13•0005 e
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 5 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
2.2 Overall Operational
Mitigated Operational
I
Rac j Nox I Co
Category
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
S02 1 Fugitive 1 Exhaust 1 PM10 , I Fugitive Exhaust PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2j Total CO2I CH4 I N20 j CO2e
PM10 PM10 Total PM2.5 PM2.5
tons/yr MT/yr
i
Area i 0.0000 i
0.0000 1.000Oe- i
0.0000
i i i
0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
i
i 2.000Oe- 2.000Oe- i
0.0000
0.0000 3.000Oe-
•�
005
005 005
005
Energy •i 0.0000 i
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 i
0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000 1 0.0000
--- ------�i------- -------'-------
------- -------'--------------'-------�---------------*--
---i-------'-------�-------'---------------
•i 0.0000 i
Mobilei
i
0.0000 � 0.0000 �
0.0000 �
i i i
0.0000 � 0.0000 i 0.0000 � 0.0000 � 0.0000 0.0000
�
0.0000
i
1 0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
Waste •1 i
0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
1 0.0000 a0000 i
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
Water •1
0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
1 0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
Total
0.0000
0.0000
1.0005 0OOe-
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
2.0005 0OOe-2 e-
0.0000
0.0000
3. e
I
I
I
005
005
(
• ROG
NOx I CO
S02
Fugitive Exhaust PM10 I Fugitive Exhaust PM2.5
Bio-
CO2 NBio-CO2 I Total CO2 CH4
N20 Cote
PM10 PM10 Total PM2.5 PM2.5 Total
Percent 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
Reduction
3.0 Construction Detail
Construction Phase
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 6 of 25
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
Phase Phase Name Phase Type
Number
1 •Demolition +Demolition
2 -Grading 'Grading
-----------------------------------------------
3 •Underground Utilities 'Trenching
4 :Paving and Median Construction :Paving
Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 0
Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 1.5
Acres of Paving: 0
Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Start Date
End Date
Num Days
Num Days
Phase Description
I
Week
I I
i 5/1 /2021
15/28/2021
i 5
20
i
i 6/2/2021
i
1 6/29/2021
i
5:
i
20
+------------
i 6/30/2021
1---------------------
1 7/27/2021
n---------r-------------------------
5:
20
i
--------------------------'-------------------------r-----------r-----------
i
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
:8/1/2021
10/22/2021
5.
60,
Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non -Residential Indoor: 0; Non -Residential Outdoor: 0; Striped Parking Area: 0 (Architectural
Coating — sgft)
OffRoad Eauiament
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 7 of 25
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
Phase Name
' Offroad Equipment Type
I Amount
I
Paving and Median Construction
'Cement and Mortar Mixers
;
1
-----------------------------------------
Demolition
---------
'Concrete/Industrial Saws
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- t
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Underground Utilities
'Cranes
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Underground Utilities
',Forklifts
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Paving and Median Construction
+Pavers
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Demolition
'Rubber Tired Dozers
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Grading
'Rubber Tired Dozers
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Demolition
+Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
31
-----------------------------------------------------
Grading
+Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Paving and Median Construction
'Paving Equipment
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Grading
'Graders
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Paving and Median Construction
'Rollers
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-----------------------------------------------------
Underground Utilities
'Welders
---------- ------------ ----
;
-------- f
1
-------------------------------------------------------+-----------------t
Paving and Median Construction
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes
1
Usage Hours ! Horse Power '
Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Load Factor
6.001
9:
0.56
--- ---------------------
8.001
8-*----------
1
0.73
--------- - -- =-------------
� -----
----- 0.29
--------- - -- -----------
=
1 ----------
89
0.20
--------------------------
-----
----- 0.42
--------------------------
-----
----- 0.40
--------------------------
-----
----- 0.40
--------- - -- =-----------
971 -----
----- 0.37
--------- - -- =-----------
971 -----
----- 0.37
--------------------------
-----
----- 0.36
--------------------------
-----
----- 0.41
------------------------
— -----
----- - --
------------------------
8.001
i------------9-
-----------
46
0.45
------------
----------
0.37
Phase Name
Offroad Equipment
Worker Trip
Vendor Trip Hauling Trip
Worker Trip
Vendor Trip
Hauling Trip
Worker Vehicle
Vendor
I Hauling
Count
Number
Number Number
Length
Length
Length
Class
Vehicle Class
Vehicle Class
Demolition
5;
40.00: 0.001 0.00:
14.70;
6.90:
20.00: LD_Mix
HDT_Mix
I HHDT
-------------
Paving and Median A
-------------= '---------
5; 40.00- 5.001 0.00:
---------'----------------------------------
14.70;
6.90:
20.00;LD_Mix
'-----------
iHDT_Mix
' --------
IHHDT
r-
Grading
-------------= '--------�
i------------ ,-
3; 40.00: 0.001 0.00:
---------'
n-
14.70;
---------=-
6.90:
- -- -- ----
20.00:LD_Mix
iHDT_Mix
--------
IHHDT
r
;
Underground Utilities
7.
40.00, 1.00, 0.00,
14.70,
6.90,
20.00,LD_Mix
HDT_Mix
HHDT
3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction
Water Exposed Area
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 8 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
3.2 Demolition - 2021
Unmitiaated Construction On -Site
ROG NOx CO j S02
Fugitive I Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive I Exhaust
PM2.5
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2i Total CO2 CH4 N20 I CO2e
{t4
PM10 1 PM10
Total
PM2.5 PM2.5
TotalI
j 1
Category
tons/yr
41f
MT/yr
i i i
Off -Road •1 0.0199 0.1970 i 0.1449 2.4000e-
0.0104 i
0.0104
i 9.7100e-
9.7100e-
i i i
0.0000 i 21.0713 21.0713 5.3900e- i 0.0000 21.2060
•� 004
003
003
003
Total 0.0199 0.1970 0.1449 2.4000e-
0.0104
0.0104
9.7100e-
9.7100e-
0.0000 21.0713 21.0713 5.3900e- 0.0000 21.2060
004
003
003
003
Unmitiaated Construction Off -Site
ROG
CO
S02
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM2.5 Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
NOx
PM10
PM10
Total I
J
PM2.5
PM2.5
�
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
•1 0.0000 i 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
�"
Vendor
i
•� 0.0000 i 0.0000 �
0.0000
i
� 0.0000
i i
� 0.0000 � 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
Worker •1 1.6600e- i 1.2300e-
0.0140
4.000Oe-
4.3900e- 3.000Oe-
4.4200e- 1.1700e- i 3.000Oe-
1.2000e- i
0.0000
1 3.8266 3.8266 1.000Oe- i
0.0000
3.8292
003 i 003
005
003 005
003
003
005
003
004
`
Total
1.6600e-
1.2300e-
0.0140
4.000Oe-
4.3900e-
3.000Oe-
4.4200e-
1.1700e-
3.000Oe-
1.2000e-
0.0000
3.8266
3.8266
1.000Oe-
0.0000
3.8292
003
003
005
003
005
003
003
005
003
004
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 9 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
3.2 Demolition - 2021
Mitiaated Construction On -Site
ROG NOx CO S02
EPM10 Exhaust
10tal I
FugitiveExhaust
PM2.5 Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2� Total CO2 CH4 N20 I CO2e
I j
P
J
giti 5 5
j 1
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off -Road
i i i
•1 0.0199 0.1970 i 0.1449 2.4000e-
0.0104 i
0.0104
i 9.7100e-
9.7100e-
i i i
0.0000 i 21.0713 21.0713 5.3900e- i 0.0000 21.2060
•� 004
003
003
003
Total
0.0199 0.1970 0.1449 2.4000e-
0.0104
0.0104
9.7100e-
9.7100e-
0.0000 21.0713 21.0713 5.3900e- 0.0000 21.2060
004
003
003
003
Mitiaated Construction Off -Site
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
Exhaust
Total
t
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2
[ CH4
N20
CO2e
I I
'
Total I
I
PM2 5
�P2 P
1
j
j
�I
Category
✓
tons/yr
11{
MT/yr
Hauling-e;-
OA000-j-
i i
OA000-j-
0-0000-
� 0�0000-J-
0�0000-j- OA000-
� �
� �
OA000-j-
0�0000- �
0�0000-�_
OA000-_---0000_-i--000---'
0
00
0�0000 �
0�0000 0�0000
j-
j-
j-
i
i j-
, '
j- j-
t-00000
.__
-
- -
-
Vendor
•� 0.0000
i
i 0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000
i i
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
Worker •1 1.6600e-
i 1.2300e-
0.0140
4.000Oe-
4.3900e- 3.000Oe-
4.4200e- 1.1700e- i 3.000Oe-
1.2000e- i
0.0000
1 3.8266 3.8266 1.000Oe- i
0.0000
3.8292
003
i 003
005
003 005
003
003
005
003
004
`
Total
1.6600e-
1.2300e-
0.0140
4.000Oe-
4.3900e-
3.000Oe-
4.4200e-
1.1700e-
3.000Oe-
1.2000e-
0.0000
3.8266
3.8266
1.000Oe-
0.0000
3.8292
003
003
005
003
005
003
003
005
003
004
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 10 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
3.3 Grading - 2021
Unmitiaated Construction On -Site
ROG
NOx CO S02
( (
Fugitive Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
tF Exhaust
PM2.5 Total
I
PM10 IPM10
Total
1
PM2.5
[ PM2.5
14
Category
tons/yr
Fugitive Dust •i
i i
0.0460 0.0000
0.0460 i
0.0249
0.0000
0.0249
------------ -------
J-------J-------J-------J-------
J-------
J------- J-------
J---------------*
Off -Road •1 0.0129
0.1433 0.0633 1.4000e- i
6.3800e-
6.3800e- i
5.8700e-
5.8700e-
��
004
003
003
003
003
`
Total 0.0129
0.1433 0.0633 1.4000e-
0.0460 6.3800e-
0.0523
0.0249
5.8700e-
0.0308
'
004
003
003
Unmitiaated Construction Off -Site
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2j CH4
N20 I
1
CO2e
MT/yr
0.0000
i 0.0000 i
0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
---------------
0.0000
i 12.3837
12.3837 4.0100e- i
0.0000
12.4838
003
i
0.0000
I 12.3837 I
12.3837 14. Oe- I
0.0000 I
12.4838
003
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
Exhaust
t
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2
[ CH4
N20
CO2e
I I
'
Total I
I
PM2.5
�P2 P
1
j
j
�I
Category
✓
tons/yr
11{
MT/yr
Hauling-e;-
0.0000
i i
0.0000OA000-j-
0-0000-j-
0�0000-J-
0.0000 0.0000 OA000-j-
OA000-j-
0�0000-j-
0�0000-�-OA000-_---0000--i--000---'
0
00
0.0000
00000
0.0000 0.0000
i
, '
- - - - - -
`
-
' J- - - - - - - J- - - - - - - J---------------
Vendor
•� 0.0000
i
i 0.0000 �
0.0000
i
� 0.0000
i i
� 0.0000 � 0.0000
� 0.0000 �
0.0000 �
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
Worker •1 1.6600e-
i 1.2300e-
0.0140
4.000Oe-
4.3900e- 3.000Oe-
4.4200e- 1.1700e- i 3.000Oe-
1.2000e- i
0.0000
1 3.8266 3.8266 1.000Oe- i
0.0000
3.8292
003
i 003
005
003 005
003
003
005
003
004
`
Total
1.6600e-
1.2300e-
0.0140
4.000Oe-
4.3900e-
3.000Oe-
4.4200e-
1.1700e-
3.000Oe-
1.2000e-
0.0000
3.8266
3.8266
1.000Oe-
0.0000
3.8292
003
003
005
003
005
003
003
005
003
004
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 11 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
3.3 Grading - 2021
Mitiaated Construction On -Site
ROG
NOx CO S02
( (
Fugitive Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
tF Exhaust
PM2.5 Total
I
PM10 IPM10
Total
PM2.5
1
[ PM2.5
14
Category
tons/yr
Fugitive Dust
•i
i i
0.0179 0.0000
0.0179
i 9.7200e-
0.0000
9.7200e-
•�
003
003
------------
------- J-------
J-------
J------- J-------
J---------------*
Off -Road
•1 0.0129
0.1433 0.0633 1.4000e- i
6.3800e-
6.3800e-
i
5.8700e-
5.8700e-
•�
004
003
003
003
003
`
Total
0.0129
0.1433 0.0633 1.4000e-
0.0179 6.3800e-
0.0243
9.7200e-
5.8700e-
0.0156
'
004
003
003
003
Mitiaated Construction Off -Site
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2j CH4
N20 I
1
CO2e
MT/yr
0.0000
i 0.0000 i
0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i 12.3836
12.3836 4.0100e- i
0.0000
12.4838
003
i
0.0000
I 12.3836 I
12.3836 14. Oe- I
0.0000 I
12.4838
003
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
Exhaust
t
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2
[ CH4
N20
CO2e
I I
'
Total I
I
PM2.5
�P2 P
j
�I
Category
✓
tons/yr
11{
MT/yr
Hauling
OA000-j-
OA000-
0-0000-
0�0000-J-
0�0000- OA000-
OAO-00-
00
0.0000
0�0000-
OA000-
0-0000- 0�0000-j-
.;-
j-
j-
j-
J--0-0000
j-
--000
j-
j-
-00000
-0.0000 -'-
i
Vendor
•1 0.0000
i
i 0.0000 �
0.0000
i
� 0.0000
i i
� 0.0000 � 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
--------- ---
Worker •1 1.6600e-
J-------J-------J-------J------
i 1.2300e-
0.0140
4.000Oe-
-J-------
4.3900e- 3.000Oe-
J------- J------- J---------------_
4.4200e- 1.1700e- i 3.000Oe-
1.2000e- i
------
0.0000
------J-------J-------J-------
1 3.8266 3.8266 1.000Oe- i
0.0000
3.8292
003
i 003
005
003 005
003
003
005
003
004
`
Total
1.6600e-
1.2300e-
0.0140
4.000Oe-
4.3900e-
3.000Oe-
4.4200e-
1.1700e-
3.000Oe-
1.2000e-
0.0000
3.8266
3.8266
1.000Oe-
0.0000
3.8292
003
003
005
003
005
003
003
005
003
004
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 12 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
3.4 Underground Utilities - 2021
Unmitiaated Construction On -Site
I ROG
Category
Off -Road •i 7.0900e-
:� 003
i
Total 7.0900e-
003
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
NOx CO S02
ugitive EPM10t
PPM10
tive EPM2.5 xhaust
PM2.5 Total
1
Total
PM2.5
tons/yr
0.0603 i 0.0408 8.000Oe- i
2.8500e-
2.8500e-
2.6800e-
2.6800e-
005
003
003
003
003
0.0603 0.0408 8.000Oe-
2.8500e-
2.8500e-
2.6800e-
2.6800e-
005
003
003
003
003
Unmitiaated Construction Off -Site
Bio- CO2 I NBio- CO2i Total CO2j CH4 j N20 j
CO2e
MT/yr
0.0000 i 6.6910 6.6910 i 1.8000e- i 0.0000 6.7360
003
0.0000 I 6.6910 I 6.6910 11' e- I 0.0000 I 6.7360
003
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
Exhaust
t
Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2
[ CH4
N20
CO2e
I I
'
Total
I
I PM2 5
�P2 P
j
�I
Category
✓
tons/yr
11{
MT/yr
Hauling
0.00000.0000OA000-
0-0000- 0.0000-J-
0.0000- OA000-
OAO-00-
0.0000
0.0000 i
0�0000-
0.0000
OA000-
0-0000- 0�0000-j-
j-
j-
j-
J--0-0000
i
j-
-
j-
j-
- •;-
Vendor •i 3.0000e- i 9.7000e-
2.5000e- 0.0000
6.000Oe- 0.0000
7.000Oe- 2.000Oe- 0.0000
2.000Oe i
-0.0000 -'-
0.0000
1 0.2428 0.2428 2.000Oe-
0.0000
0.2432
•� 005 004
004
005
005 005
005 .
005
Worker •1 1.6600e- i 1.2300e- i
0.0140 4.000Oe-
4.3900e- 3.000Oe-
4.4200e- 1.1700e- 3.000Oe-
1.2000e- i
0.0000
1 3.8266 i 3.8266 1.000Oe-
0.0000
3.8292
003 i 003
005
003 005
003 003
005
003
004
`
Total
1.6900e-
2.2000e-
0.0142
4.000Oe-
4.4500e-
3.000Oe-
4.4900e-
1.1900e-
3.000Oe-
1.2200e-
0.0000
4.0694
4.0694
1.2000e-
0.0000
4.0724
003
003
005
003
005
003
003
005
003
004
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 13 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
3.4 Underground Utilities - 2021
Mitiaated Construction On -Site
ROG
NOx CO j S02
Fugitive I Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive Exhaust
PM2.5 Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2iTotal CO2 CH4 N20 I CO2e
PM10 1 PM10
Total
PM2.5 PM2.5I
j j1
Category
4{t
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off -Road i 7.0900e- i
i i
0.0603 i 0.0408 8.000Oe-
2.8500e-
i 2.8500e-
i 2.6800e-
2.6800e-
i i i
0.0000 i 6.6910 6.6910 i 1.8000e- i 0.0000 6.7360
003
005
003
003
003
003
i 003
Total 7.0900e-
0.0603 0.0408 8.0000e-
2.8500e-
2.8500e-
2.6800e-
2.6800e-
0.0000 6.6910 6.6910 1.8000e- 0.0000 6.7360
003
005
003
003
003
003
003
Mitiaated Construction Off -Site
ROG I
Co
S02
Fugitive
I Exhaust
PM10 Fugitive Exhaust PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
1 NOx
PM10
PM10
INBio-CO21,,,T,otaICO2
Total PM2.5 PM2.5'
I jjj
I
Category
tonJs/yr
n
MTtyr
Hauling
0.00000.0000OA000-
0-0000- 0.0000-J-
0.0000- OA000-
OAO-00- 0.0000 0.0000 i OA000-
0�0000- 0.0000
0-0000- 0�0000-j-
j-
j-
j-
J--0-0000 -
i
j- j-
j-
- •;-
Vendor •i 3.0000e- i 9.7000e-
2.5000e- 0.0000
6.000Oe- 0.0000
_0.0000 _'-
7.000Oe- 2.000Oe- 0.0000 2.000Oe i 0.0000 1 0.2428 0.2428 2.000Oe-
0.0000 0.2432
•� 005 004
004
005
005 005 005 .
005
Worker •1 1.6600e- i 1.2300e- i
0.0140 4.000Oe-
4.3900e- 3.000Oe-
4.4200e- 1.1700e- 3.000Oe- 1.2000e- i 0.0000 1 3.8266 i 3.8266 1.000Oe-
0.0000 3.8292
003 i 003
005
003 005
003 003 005 003
004
`
Total
1.6900e-
2.2000e-
0.0142
4.000Oe-
4.4500e-
3.000Oe-
4.4900e-
1.1900e-
3.000Oe-
1.2200e-
0.0000
4.0694
4.0694
1.2000e-
0.0000
4.0724
003
003
005
003
005
003
003
005
003
004
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 14 of 25
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
3.5 Paving and Median Construction - 2021
Unmitiaated Construction On -Site
ROG
NOx CO S02
(
Fugitive Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive tF Exhaust
PM2.5 Total
I
1
I
PM10 IPM10
Total
1
PM2.5 [ PM2.5
14
Category
tons/yr
Off -Road
-1
0.0232
0.2323 i 0.2657 4.1000e-
i 0.0125
0.0125
i 0.0115
0.0115
004
1 1
1 1
I
----------- -------
J------- J------- J-------
J------- J-------
J-------J-------J----------------
Paving
.1
0.0000
i
i 0.0000
0.0000 i
i 0.0000
0.0000
`
Total
0.0232
0.2323 0.2657 4.1000e-
0.0125
0.0125
0.0115
0.0115
'
004
Unmitiaated Construction Off -Site
Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Bio- CO2 I NBio- CO2i Total CO2j CH4 j N20 j
CO2e
MT/yr
0.0000 i 35.2949 35.2949 0.0112 i 0.0000 35.5746
1 1 1 I 1
1 1
I 1 I
0.0000 1 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000
1 1 1 I 1
0.0000 I 35.2949 I 35.2949 I 0.0112 I 0.0000 I 35.5746
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
Exhaust
Total
t
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2
[ CH4
N20
CO2e
I I
'
Total
I
I PM2.5
�P2 P
j
�I
Category
✓
tons/yr
11{
MT/yr
Hauling
0.00000.0000OA000-
0-0000- 0.0000-J-
0.0000- OA000- OAO-00-
1 0.0000
1 1
0.0000 i
0.0000 0�0000-
0.0000
OA000-
0-0000- 0.0000
j-
j-
j- j-
J--0-0000 -
1
1 1
j-
j-
- .;-
Vendor -1 4.3000e- 1 0.0146 1
3.6900e- 1 4.000Oe- 1
9.5000e- 1 3.000Oe- 1 9.8000e-
1 2.7000e- 1 3.000Oe-
-?
3.000Oe i
-0.0000 -'-
0.0000
1 3.6421 1 3.6421 1 2.3000e- 1
1
0.0000
3.6480
Z 004 1 1
003 1 005 1
004 1 005 1 004
1 004 1 005
004 .
1 1
1
1 004 1
1
,1 I 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
i
1
1 1
1
q-------I 1
Worker .1 4.9900e- 3.7000e- 1
1 1
0.0419 1.3000e-
1 1
0.0132 1.000Oe- 0.0133
1 1
3.5000e- 9.000Oe-
3.5900e- i
0.0000
1 1 1 I
1 11.4798 1 11.4798 3.1000e- 1
t-------
0.0000
11.4876
1
�1 003 1 003 1
1 1
1 004 1
1 1
1 004 1
1 1
1 003 1 005
003 .
1 1
1
1 004 1
1
Total
5.4200e-
0.0183
0.0456
1.7000e-
0.0141
1.3000e-
0.0142
3.7700e-
1.2000e-
3.8900e-
0.0000
15.1219
15.1219
5.4000e-
0.0000
15.1355
003
004
004
003
004
003
004
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 15 of 25
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
3.5 Paving and Median Construction - 2021
Mitiaated Construction On -Site
Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
ROG
NOx CO S02
FugitiveExhaust
I
FugitiveExhaust
giti
PM2.5 Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2� CH4
N20 I
CO2e
I
1 j
j
Total
J
5
�
�
j
1
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Off -Road
•1
0.0232
I I I
I 0.2323 1 0.2657 1 4.1000e-
I I
I I 0.0125
I I
I 0.0125 I
I
I 0.0115
0.0115 �
0.0000
I
i 35.2949 1
I I
35.29491 0.0112 I
0.0000
35.5746
004
I I
I I
I
1 1
1 I
1
r1
=-
1
r-------
Paving
•1
0.0000
I 1 1
I 1 1
1 I
1 I 0.0000
1 1
1 0.0000 1
1
I 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1
1 0.0000 1
1 I
0.0000 1 0.0000 I
0.0000
0.0000
'I
I 1 I
1 1
1 1
I
1 1
1 I
•
1
Total
0.0232
0.2323 0.2657 4.1000e-
0.0125
0.0125
0.0115
0.0115
0.0000
35.2949
35.2949 0.0112
0.0000
35.5746
'
004
I (
I
Mitiaated Construction Off -Site
ROG
NOx
CO S02
Fugitive
9
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
g'
Exhaust
PM2.5 Total
Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
PM10
PM10
Total
PM2.5
PM2.5
Category
tons/yr
MT/yr
Hauling
0.0000 1 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 '
0 0000 ' 0 0000 ' ...
0000
0.0000
0.0000
' 0 0000 0 0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 1
0.0000 0.0000
.� ;
;
`
i
; i
'
q-------------------I ------- 1
Vendor •1 4.3000e- 1 0.0146 1
-------'--------------
1 1
3.6900e- 1 4.00OOe- 1
'------- '-------
1 1
9.5000e- 1 3.00OOe- 1 9.8000e-
----------------------_------
1 1
1 2.7000e- 1 3.00OOe-
3.00OOe- i
0.0000
------ -------'-------
1 1
1 3.6421 1
J
1 I
3.6421 1 2.3000e- I
------- t-------
0.0000
3.6480
'1 004 I 1
003 I 005 1
004 1 005 I 004
1 004 I 005
004 .
1 1
I 004 I
1
q-------I 1
Worker •1 4.9900e- 13.7000e- 1
1 1
0.0419 11.3000e- 1
1 1
0.0132 1 1.00OOe- 1 0.0133
1 1
1 3.5000e- 19.00OOe-
3.5900e- i
0.0000
1 1
1 11.4798 1
1 I
11.4798 1 3.1000e- I
t-------
0.0000
11.4876
•1 003 I 003 1
I 004 1
1 004 1
1 003 I 005
003 .
1 1
I 004 I
1
1
1 I
1
Total
5.4200e-
0.0183
0.0456
1.7000e-
0.0141
1.3000e-
0.0142
3.7700e-
1.2000e-
3.8900e-
0.0000
15.1219
15.1219
5.4000e-
0.0000
15.1355
003
004
004
003
004
003
004
4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 16 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile
1 Fugitive Exhaust IPM2.5Total Blo- CO2 1NBio-0O2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 j CO2e
f 1 uM2.5 PM2.5
R G NOx CO S02 Fugitive
PM I a � Exhaust
Mta F
ll
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Mitigated �� 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 ` 0.0000 � 0.0000 0.0000 � 0.0000 0.0000 i 0.0000
Unmitigated 0.0000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 - 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4.2 Trip Summary Information
Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated
Land Use ( Weekday ( Saturday 'Sunday Annual VMT ' Annual VMT
User Defined Industrial ; 0.00 ; 0.00 0.00
Total 0.00 0.00 I 0.00
4.3 Trip Type Information
1 Miles 1 Trip % j Trip Purpose %
Land Use ' H-W or C-W ( H-S or C-C' H-0 or C-NW'H-W or C-W f H-S or C-C I H-0 or C-NW ( Primary ' Diverted I Pass -by
User Defined Industrial 16.60 8.40 6.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0
4.4 Fleet Mix
Land Use LDA I LDT1 ( LDT2 I MDV I LHD1 I LHD2 I MHD I HHD I OBUS I UBUS I MCY I SBUS I MH
User Defined Industrial 0.552111 • 0.043066 - 0.201891 - 0.118512 - 0.015605 - 0.005863 - 0.021387 - 0.031253 - 0.002087 - 0.001818 - 0.004803 , 0.000708 , 0.000896
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 17 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
5.0 Energy Detail
Historical Energy Use: N
5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy
ROG
I NOx
CO
S02
FPM10
EPM10t
I
Fugitive
EPM2.5t
PM2.5 Total
Blo- CO2
NBio- CO2�
Total CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
1
j
M10tal
jCategory
J
PM2.5
j
tons/yr
MT/yr
Electricity
.1
i
i �
�
� � 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
` 0.0000
� 0.0000
0.0000 � 0.0000
0.0000 i
0.0000
Mitigated
i
i
Electricity
��
i
i �
�
� � 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
` 0.0000
� 0.0000
i
0.0000 � 0.0000 i
0.0000 i
0.0000
Unmitigated
NaturalGas
-1
i
0.0000 i 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
` 0.0000
� 0.0000
i
0.0000 � 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
Mitigated
•�
.
i
-
•
+ } } + - - - - - - -
_
}--------------4---------------4---------------+
- - - - - - -
NaturalGas
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Unmitigated
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 18 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas
Unmitigated
NaturalGa
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
Fugitive
9
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
9
Exhaust
PM2.5 Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
s Use
I
j
j
PM10
PM10
Total
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Land Use
kBTU/yr
tons/yr
-
MT/yr
User Defined
i
� 0 0.0000 i
i i i
0.0000 � 0.0000 � 0.0000 i � 0.0000 i
0.0000 �
i
i 0.0000
i
0.0000 � 0.0000 i 0.0000 � 0.0000 � 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000
Industrial
Total
' I
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 I
0.0000
I 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
I 0.0000
Mitiaated
NaturalGa
ROG
NOx
CO
I
S02
Fugitive
I
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2
NBio- CO2
Total CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
s Use
J
J
PM10
j
PM10
Total
PM2.5
PM2.5 j
j
j
j
Land Use
kBTU/yr
tons/yr
MT/yr
User Defined
i 0 �� 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Industrial
Total
' I
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
I 0.0000
( 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
( 0.0000
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 19 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
5.3 Energy by Land Use - Electricity
Unmitiaated
Land Use
User Defined
Industrial
Total
Mitiaated
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
Electricity Total CO2� CH4 N20 CO2e
Use
kWh/yr �6 MT/yr
0 +i 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
' I 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 I 0.0000
Electricity Total CO2j CH4 1 N20 CO2e '
Use
Land Use kWhtyr MT/yr
User Defined 1 0 .1 0.0000 1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Industrial i
Total ' I 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 I 0.0000
6.0 Area Detail
6.1 Mitigation Measures Area
CoEEModVersion: CaEEK4od.2016.3.2 Page 20uf25
Paramount and Imperial Improvements -SoudhCnaotAirBaain.Annua|
ROG
NOx
CO
S02
Fugitive
Exhaust
PM10
Fugitive
Exhaust
PMm
I
I I
PM110 j
PM10
Total
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Category
tons/yr
muigumu
0.000^
005
^
----------- --
onmmnamu ~ u�oo
' 0000 ' 1uu000 '
0000 ' ' 0.0000'
o�ou
' ' o�ou '
0.000~
005
6.2 Area by SubCategory
Unmitiomted
Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Bio- CO2 j NBio- CO2 j Total CO2 j CH4 I N20 j CO2e
0.0000 3.00OO*
------- -------
ouuo ' �00000 ' uu0000 ' o�ou ' 0.0000 3.00000
� m5 : me : ma
noa
mox
co
ao2
pvnmv
exmmv
pM1u
Fugitive
sxxavExhaustPMuaru�~m*oou
waw'
rvm
o**
m�o
co2o
j
| |
| pM10 J
pmm |
|
nuo
| pmu�
|
| pmc� |
| |
|
|
| j
|
I
j
ouboategory
tons/yr
MT/yr
o�oo
ouoo
o�oo�~. �
0,0000~�'
~ o���o,6�~~~.
ouoo
u»oo o.000 o�oo
o.000
o.000Architectural
Coating
~
'''''''''''
_--_
-___ -__-- _--_-
___- __--- ---__
------- _---_-'
''--''�''''''----
'
__ ___ ___-
__ --- '''''''
000v"mm
ou000
o.ouo
u.omm
u.omm '
ouoou ^
o.ouo
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Products
|
�
'-'''''''''
__
--
___ __
---- _
_ --- ___- __--- ---
__ ___
----�''''-''''''''----
__
�'
__ ___ ___-
__ ---
'''''''
Landscaping
^ 0.0000
o�woo 1.00oo*
o�woo o.ouo
o.omm
o.omm |
0.0000 ^
0.0000
u.000 e- cu0000 0.0000
0.0000
u.00000
�
m5
ms ooa
| uos
.
^
/
rnm/
0�000
0.000
1.0000m
0.000
0.000
0u000
0u000
0�000
0.000
2.00ooe
2.00ooe
0u000
0.000
3.00000
N
|
| mm |
|
| |
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CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 21 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
6.2 Area by SubCategory
Mitigated
I
izac j Nox I Co
SubCategory
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
S02 1 Fugitive 1 Exhaust 1 PM10 , I Fugitive Exhaust PM2.5 Total Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2j Total CO2I CH4 I N20 j CO2e
PM10 PM10 Total PM2.5 PM2.5
tons/yr MT/yr
i
Architectural 1 0.0000 i
i
i i
i 0.0000 i
0.0000
i 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
i 0.0000
i
a0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Coating
Consumer •i 0.0000 i
i 0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1 0.0000
0.0000 i
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Products •�
i
i
Landscaping •i 0.0000 i
i
0.0000 � 1.000Oe- �
i i
0.0000 0.0000 i
0.0000 �
i
� 0.0000
0.0000
� 0.0000
� 2.000Oe-
i
2.000Oe- i
0.0000
0.0000
� 3.000Oe-
•�
005
005
005
005
Total
0.0000
0.0000
1.0005 0OOe-
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
2.0005 0OOe-2.0005
0OOe-
0.0000
0.0000
3.000005 e-
I
I
I
(
7.0 Water Detail
7.1 Mitigation Measures Water
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 22 of 25
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
Total CO2j CH4 j
N20 j
CO2e
Category MT/yr
Mitigated :,1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1 0.0000
'1
- - - - - - - - - - - =-------------- {--------------- }--------.----- - - - - - - -
Unmitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7.2 Water by Land Use
Unmitiaated
t Total CO2m CH4 j N20 CO2e
(door
Use
Land Use
Mgal MT/yr
User Defined
i 0/0 �i 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Industrial
Total
I I 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 I 0.0000
Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2O16.3.2 Page 23 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
7.2 Water by Land Use
Mitigated
Indoor/Out Total CO2 I CH4 j
N2O j CO2e
door Use
Land Use Mgal MT/yr
User Defined i 0/0 +i 0.0000 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000
Industrial e ;i i i
Total I I 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 I 0.0000
8.0 Waste Detail
8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste
CateaorvNear
Total CO2 I CH4 1 N2O 1 CO2e
MT/yr
+ter,
Mitigated +1 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000 1 0.0000
ri•--"""'-''--�'-'-"-'----'--_.--------""* - - - - - - -
Unmitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 24 of 25
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
8.2 Waste by Land Use
Unmitigated
Waste
Total CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
Disposed
I
Land Use
tons MT/yr
User Defined
1 0 +i 0.0000 1 0.0000 i 0.0000 0.0000
Industrial
e ;i i i
Total
I I
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
I 0.0000
Mitigated
II Total CO2
CH4
N20
CO2e
Dispaste osed
I j
Land Use
I tons
MT/yr
„
User Defined
i 0
�i 0.0000 1 0.0000 1 0.0000 0.0000
Industrial
a
.i i i
Total
I
I 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
I 0.0000
9.0 Operational Offroad
Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Equipment Type I Number I Hours/Day I DaysNear I Horse Power I Load Factor I Fuel Type
CaIEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2016.3.2 Page 25 of 25 Date: 1/1/2020 12:37 PM
Paramount and Imperial Improvements - South Coast Air Basin, Annual
10.0 Stationary Equipment
Fire Pumas and Emeraencv Generators
Equipment Type Number
Boilers
Equipment Type ( Number
User Defined Eauioment
Equipment Type Number
11.0 Vegetation
' Hours/Day
' Hours/Year
Horse Power
Load Factor Fuel Type I
Heat Input/Day
I Heat Input/Year
Boiler Rating
Fuel Type I
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Archaeological Assessment
REPORT OF PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR IMPERIAL HIGHWAY AND
PARAMOUNT BOULEVARD INTERSECTION IMPPROVEMENTS PROJECT, CITY OF DOWNEY, LOS
ANGELES COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
M
Carol R. Demcak, MA, RPA
Of:
Archaeological Resource Management Corporation
3756 Hightide Drive
Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275
For:
Hodge & Associates
24040 Camino del Avion, #A247
Monarch Beach, CA 92629
December 9, 2019
INTRODUCTION
At the request of Bill Hodge of Hodge & Associates, personnel from Archaeological Resource
Management Corporation (ARMC) carried out a Phase I archaeological assessment for the proposed
Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway Intersection Project in the City of Downey, Los Angeles
County. The project calls for a re -design of the intersection to accommodate anticipated growth in traffic
through 2035. Dual left turn pockets will be added in the southbound direction along Paramount
Boulevard and in the westbound direction along Imperial Highway. All four legs of the intersection will be
widened to provide sufficient road width for vehicular U-turn movements. The project includes
reconstruction of all four legs of the intersection with concrete pavement for 300 feet on all approaches
and 100 feet for all departures. The intersection itself will be reconstructed with concrete pavement and
decorative concrete crosswalks will be added along with modified traffic signals and striping, signing and
pavement markings, street lighting and upgraded bus shelters and furnishings. There will be partial right
of way acquisition required along Imperial Highway and Paramount Boulevard on all four legs of the
intersection. Utility relocations and adjustments will also be required to facilitate project construction.
The archaeological assessment for the proposed project consisted of two tasks. First the author
conducted a records and literature search on December 3, 2019 at the South Central Coastal Information
Center (SCCIC), Department of Anthropology, California State University, Fullerton. She used a'/2-mile
radius for the study. Its purpose was to discover whether the project area had been previously surveyed
for cultural resources and whether any archaeological sites had been recorded in the project vicinity.
Following the records search the author carried out a field survey of the project area using Google maps
to search for previously unrecorded cultural resources. The findings from the two tasks are included in
this technical report.
The author has been certified as a Supervisory Archaeologist by the Society of Professional
Archeologists (SOPA) and is a certified member of the Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA).
She has over 40 years of experience in southern California archaeology.
The results of the records and literature search were that the project area had not been previously
surveyed for cultural resources and that no significant cultural resources were recorded within or
immediately adjacent to the project area. The field survey also did not reveal the presence of any
significant cultural resources.
No cultural resources have been recorded within or adjacent to the project area. Three significant
historic properties are present within the City of Downey, but none will be impacted by the proposed
project. Thus no impacts to significant cultural resources are predicted by the proposed project. No
additional research is recommended.
PHYSICAL SETTING
The project area is located in the City of Downey, Los Angeles County. The area includes Imperial
Highway and Paramount Boulevard, approximately 400' to the northeast, southeast, southwest, and
northwest from the center of the intersection of the two roads (Fig. 1). On the USGS South Gate 7.5
topographic quadrangle, it lies in an un-sectioned area of Range 13W and Township 3S. The area is
fully developed.
Located in the Central Plain of the Los Angeles Basin, Downey is part of the Peninsular Ranges Province
which stretches southeastward from the basin to the tip of Baja California (Yerkes et al. 1965:A13). The
local area is part of the floodplains of the Rio Hondo, Los Angeles River, and San Gabriel River.
Elevations in the project vicinity range from at 95 - 100' above mean sea level.
2
Geologically the project area is uDd8d8iO by R8C8rt Alluvium (Cl@|) which COOSiStS of alluvium and alluvial
fan deposits, including flood plain deposits, marsh deposits, artificial fill, and some natural and artificial
beach deposits (Jennings 1S82).
___ ___ ___
�|mueu o __ yW_
�lap ae-a,ed vith 7oPVa�zn��m��&���h��`�uo'�n��pc������c�c��
Taken from the USGS 7.5'South Gate (1964; PR 1981) topographic quadrangle.
Figure 1. Project Location.
3
CULTURAL SETTING
Prehistory
Wallace (1955) and Warren (1968) have proposed syntheses of the local cultural sequence. According
to these researchers, aboriginal populations in southern California were culturally conservative and
remained basically hunter -gatherers throughout the prehistoric period.
The earliest occupation that can be documented for the area north of San Diego is the Early Millingstone
Horizon (EMS), or Encinitas. During this early period, a littoral adaptation can be seen. Small native
populations subsisted on plant foods, including seeds, tubers, and berries. They also collected shellfish
along the coast and embayments, and they hunted small game. They made extensive use of the
millingstone and muller, basically mano and metate. Projectile points were few in number, wide, thick,
and heavy. They were presumably utilized as spearpoints based on their weights (Fenenga 1953).
Cogstones, enigmatic ground discs, serve as one of the time markers for this early period in local
prehistory.
In the ensuing cultural period, the Intermediate Horizon (Campbell), local populations expanded their
resource base. Hunting and fishing assumed greater importance in the economy, and the mortar and
pestle, tools associated with the processing of acorns and other fleshy plant foods, were added to the
existing plant processing equipment. Projectile points remained relatively large and heavy.
In the final prehistoric period, the Late Horizon Cultures (Chu mash -Gabriel ino-Luiseno-Kumeyaay), there
is evidence of a marked expansion of local economies. One can observe an increase in cultural
elaboration as well as a proliferation of non -utilitarian items in the cultural inventory of local population
groups.
The introduction of the sea -going canoe (tomol) in the Santa Barbara -Ventura area in Chumash territory
ushered in a marine adaptive pattern in vivid contrast to the littoral, or land -locked, pattern of earlier
periods. Fishing and hunting of sea mammals assumed greater significance in the subsistence
strategies of the northern populations, while populations in the central and southern zones continued to
rely primarily upon plants, shellfish, and terrestrial game, which they hunted with small, lightweight
arrowpoints and the bow.
The trading of steatite and other lithic resources and the introduction of pottery in the southern zone also
characterized the Late Horizon in prehistoric southern California. Pestles and portable mortars,
especially of the basket -hopper type, were the dominant grinding tools in the northern zone, while the
central and southern zone inhabitants continued to rely upon mano and metate, as well as occasional
use of bedrock mortars and grinding slicks (bedrock metates).
Personal ornaments of shell, bone, and stone abounded in the late period. Throughout the southern
California region, the Late Horizon was a time of cultural flowering and population growth within the
overriding influence of the maritime patterns of the Santa Barbara coast and Channel Islands.
Ethnoqraphy
Ethnographically, the study area was occupied by the Tongva, or Gabrielino people, whose territory was
said to extend from Topanga Creek in the north to Aliso Creek in the south, and included all of the Los
Angeles Basin and most of Orange County (Bean and Smith 1978). Relatively little is known about the
culture of the Tongva, although they were thought to be one of the wealthiest and most powerful groups
south of the Tehachapi (Kroeber 1925). As of 1900, however, due to disease and assimilation, there
were relatively few remaining members of their group.
11
The Tongva were named Gabrielino because of their association with the Mission San Gabriel. This
nominal assignment, imposed by the European missionaries, encompassed a number of loosely
affiliated, politically autonomous bands. Linguistically, they were Takic speakers, of the greater the Uto-
Aztecan stock, connecting them with peoples occupying eastern California and the Great Basin.
The Gabrielino subsistence base was very broad. The Gabrielino exploited a number of biotic
communities ranging from open coast to interior foothills within their territory. Prehistorically, they were
thought to occupy villages situated either in flat fertile valleys adjacent to permanent watercourses, or in
sheltered coastal areas (Bean and Smith 1978:540). According to Bean and Smith (1978), these villages
were occupied permanently, and were surrounded by special satellite camps for the seasonal
procurement of resources and by special activity areas. Although little is known about the social and
political organization of the Gabrielino, the villages were reported to be "...politically autonomous,
composed of non -localized lineages which periodically fragmented into smaller units for the purpose of
resource procurement forays (Bean and Smith 1978:543-4).
The Gabrielino economy was centered on a very effective system of food utilization. Plant and animal
resources were varied in their locations and in their availability. This variability helped shape the
Gabrielino settlement system. Certain resources, such as rabbits and shellfish, were available nearly
year-round. Others, such as acorns, ripened seasonally. Collecting groups left the villages and migrated
to the acorn groves, where they gathered the wild resources before they rotted or were carried off by
animals. Food sharing within and among villages was common. In general coastal populations had
access to a wider range of food resources than did inland populations who experienced food stress,
especially in the winter months. Gabrielino people were not entirely dependent on natural conditions.
Through management of resources, trade, and ritual exchanges, they were able to make the most of the
natural environment (McCawley 1996:111-142).
The material culture of the Gabrielino was marked by a highly developed craftsmanship. Even the most
utilitarian objects were endowed with aesthetic appeal. They are probably best known for their
widespread use of steatite for a variety of items ranging from carved effigies, pipes and ornaments to
cooking utensils. Other items of their material culture included ornaments made of shell and bone,
basketry, cordage, shell fishhooks, flaked stone arrow points and knives, and plant processing tools such
as manos and metates, mortars and pestles (Bean and Smith 1978).
Although their numbers have been reduced, the Gabrielino maintain an active group identity. The
Gabrielino/Tongva Tribal Council meets monthly with its members to inform the community of events
important to their cultural heritage. Other active Gabrielino organizations include the Ti At Society, the
Gabrielino/Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council, and the Coastal Diegueno-Gabrielino Band of
Mission Indians.
Local History, Citv of Downey
The following is taken from the Downey Chamber of Commerce's history of Downey (2018) with
additional information from Brandon Speakman (2018) and Bob Thompson (2019).
In the 1800s, Downey was one of many towns to spring up along the thousands of miles of trails to the
west. The city derived its name from John Gately Downey, an Irish immigrant who had come to
California during the Gold Rush, and succeeded to Governor of California. He helped build the economic
foundation of Southern California, effecting a transition from open cattle range to an agricultural district of
small farms.
In November 1859, Downey and his former drugstore partner, James McFarland, bought the 17,602 acre
Rancho Santa Gertrudes for a mere $60,000. On October 23,1873, a 96-acre parcel of the plot became
5
the central district of a community called "Downey City," an area with a favorable climate, fertile soil, and
abundant water sources.
In April of 1874, the people of Downey City heard the first whistle of a Southern Pacific train lumbering
into town. The extension of the Southern Pacific Railroad through Downey played a pivotal role in
bringing people throughout the country to the city to reap the potential business and agricultural benefits
of the land. Plots of land were sold at a quick pace, and a bustling business center was created at the
northwest corner of Crawford and Front Streets (Downey Avenue and Firestone Boulevard).
At the beginning of the twentieth century, many Downey pioneers had achieved success in business and
politics within the city and the surrounding Los Angeles County. The downtown Downey area contained
a Sunkist packing plant, a department store, banks, restaurants, and mercantile shops. The area
remained largely agrarian until the development of the local aircraft industry, including missile
development and space exploration (Speakman 2018),during the post -World War II years, with light
industry and tract homes replacing orange groves. The city was incorporated on December 17, 1956
(Thompson 2019) and was one of the first suburban "planned communities" with quality homes, schools,
and retail centers.
Today, Downey is an ideal home base from which to take advantage of the business resources and
cultural activities offered in Southern California. Of the 750-plus retail stores, approximately 100 are
located in the central business district, 90 are in Stonewood Shopping Center, and the remainder are
distributed throughout more than 35 neighborhood centers.
RECORDS SEARCH AND FIELD SURVEY RESULTS
The author conduced an in -person records and literature search at the office of the South Central
Cultural Information Center (SCCIC) in order to determine whether the project area had been previously
surveyed for cultural resource and whether any significant prehistoric or historic properties were present
within or adjacent to the area. Part of this research was a review of the various historic inventories,
federal, state, and local. The study used a half -mile radius from the central point of the project area (mid-
point of the intersection of Imperial Highway and Paramount Boulevard) in the City of Downey as the
study boundaries.
The results were that the project area had not been previously surveyed for cultural resources. Six
studies had been carried out within the study area but did not result in the recording of cultural resources.
A search of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) revealed two listings in the City of Downey:
Rives Mansion, 10921 S. Paramount Boulevard, Prime No. 19-177345; and Casa de Parley Johnson
7749 Florence Avenue, Prime No. 19-177347. A third property, McDonald's #3, 10207 Lakewood
Boulevard, Prime No. 19-177349, is NRHP eligible but is not listed at owner's request;. It is listed on the
California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). None of the three historic properties is located
within or adjacent to the project area.
The field survey consisted of a review of Google maps for the area. This review revealed that 13
buildings were present. By using their street addresses the author checked the NRHP listings to
determine if any were included. None were listed or were eligible for listing. Thus the field survey did not
reveal any significant historic properties within the project area.
A
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Nocultural resources have been recorded within or adjacent to the projectoreo. Three significant
hiSLOhC properties are present within the City Of DOVVDey. but none will be impacted by the pnODOSed
project. Thus no impacts to significant cultural resources are predicted by the proposed project. No
additional research isrecommended.
REFERENCES CITED
Bean, LJ,and C.R.Smith
1978 Gobrie|ino. In Handbook ofNorth American Indians, \47k/n7e 8. California, edited bvR.F.
Heiz8[.pp. 538-540. Smithsonian Institution, Washington.
Downey Chamber ofCommerce
2018 History OfDowney. hftr)S:HdowO8ych80b8r.Orq >HiSb}rv+of-Down ey.
Fenengo.F.
1953 The Weights ofChipped Stone Points: AClue totheir Functions. Southwestern Journal of
Anthropology 9(3):3O0-323. Albuquerque.
Jenkine, C]|nfP.
1062 Geologic Map of California, Long Beach Sheet. C:har|eaVV. Jennings, compiler.
Sacramento, Division ofMines and Geology.
Knoeber, A.L.
1925 Handbook Ofthe Indians OfCalifornia. Bureau OfEthnology Bulletin 78. VV8ShiOgLOO'D.C.
MCC8vv|ey' W.
1990 The FirstAnAe&noo: The Gobrielino Indians ofLos Angeles. yNo|hi Museum Pnoss/Bo||eno
Press Cooperative Publication, MorongoIndian Reservation, Banning, CA.
K8uOz' P.&'and D.O. Keck
1959 ACalifornia Flora. University nfCalifornia Press, Berkeley.
Speokm@n.B.
2018 Downey, California; Big History iOSuburban Los Angeles. T[@v8|ThruHiStOry.tv/dOvvD8y-
C@/2018.
Thnrnpeon.B.
2018 Personal communica1ion, phone interview. President, Downey Historical Society.
VV8U@Ce.VVJ.
1955 ASuggested Chronology for Southern California Archaeology. Southwestern Journal nf
Anthropology 11:214-230. Albuquerque.
VV8[FeO'C.N.
1988 Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation onthe Southern California Coast. In Archaic
Prehistory of the Western United Stot8S, edited by C. |mvin-VVi||i@mS. Eastern New Mexico
University Contributions /nAnthropology 1:1-14. @OCO[n].
Ye[keS. R.F..T.H. K4CCu||Oh' J.E. SChOe||hGOle['and J.D.Vedde[
1905 Geology ofthe Los Angeles Basin California —/\nIntroduction. Washington, O.C..United
States Government Printing Office.
N
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
rA,T @TpT-T,rffJ.TC
Noise Impact Analysis
NOISE IMPACT ANALYSIS
INTERSECTION OF IMPERIAL HIGHWAY AND PARAMOUNT BOULEVARD
IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
CITY OF DOWNEY, CALIFORNIA
Project No.: P19-042 N
Prepared for:
Hodge & Associates
Attn: Bill Hodge
P. O. Box 2842
Palm Desert, CA 92261
Date:
January 24, 2020
Nls"14&144M
NOISE DESCRIPTORS
Sound is mechanical energy transmitted by pressure waves in a compressible medium such as
air. Noise is generally defined as unwanted sound. Sound is characterized by various parameters
that describe the rate of oscillation of sound waves, the distance between successive troughs or
crests, the speed of propagation, and the pressure level or energy content of a given sound wave.
In particular, the sound pressure level has become the most common descriptor used to
characterize the loudness of an ambient sound level.
The unit of sound pressure ratioed to the lowest sound level detectable by a young person with
good auditory acuity is called a decibel (dB). Because sound or noise can vary in intensity by
over one million times within the range of human hearing, decibels are a logarithmic progression
used to keep sound intensity numbers at a convenient and manageable level. Since the human ear
is not equally sensitive to all sound frequencies within the entire spectrum, noise levels at
maximum human sensitivity are factored more heavily into sound descriptions in a process
called "A -weighting" written as dBA Any further reference to decibels written as "dB" should be
understood to be A -weighted.
Time variations in noise exposure are normally expressed in teains of a steady-state energy level
equal to the energy content of the time varying period (called Leq), or, alternately, as a statistical
description of the sound level that is exceeded over some fraction of a given observation period.
Finally, because community receptors are more sensitive to unwanted noise intrusion during the
evening and at night, state law requires that, for planning purposes, an artificial dB increment be
added to quiet time noise levels in a 24-hour noise descriptor called the Community Noise
Equivalent Level (CNEL).
NOISE STANDARDS
The State of California has established guidelines for acceptable community noise levels that are
based upon the CNEL rating scale. The guidelines rank noise/land use compatibility in terms of
"normally acceptable," "conditionally acceptable," "normally unacceptable," and "clearly
unacceptable" noise levels for various land use types. The City of Downey has adopted the same
exterior noise/land use compatibility guideline as that used by the State of California. The City of
Downey noise/land use compatibility guidelines have been used as the surrounding jurisdiction
that may be affected by the proposed project.
CNEL-based standards are used to make land use decisions as to the suitability of a given site for
its intended use. They apply to those noise sources not amenable to local control such as on -road
traffic, aircraft, trains, etc. Because cities cannot regulate the noise created by such sources, they
control the types of land use or levels of mitigation required by the receiving property. These
noise compatibility standards are shown in Table 1.
Imperial and Paramount Noise
Table 1
Downey Land Use Compatibility Guidelines
for Exterior Community Noise
Community Noise Exposure CNEL, dB
Normally
Conditionally
Normally
Clearly
Land Use
Acceptable
Acceptable
Unacceptable
Unacceptable
Single Family, Duplex, Mobile Homes
50-60
55-70
70-75
Above 75
Multi -Family Homes
50-65
60-70
70-75
Above 75
Schools, Libraries, Churches,
50-70
60-70
70-80
Above 80
Hospitals, Nursing Homes
Transient Lodging: Motels, Hotels
50-65
60-70
70-80
Above 80
Auditoriums, Concert Halls,
-
50-70
-
Above 65
Amphitheaters
Sports Arena, Outdoor Spectator
-
50-75
-
Above 70
Sports
Playgrounds, Neighborhood Parks
50-70
-
67-75
Above 72
Golf Courses, Riding Stables, Water
50-75
-
70-80
Above 80
Recreation, Cemeteries
Office Buildings, Business and
50-70
67-77
Above 75
-
Professional Commercial
Industrial, Manufacturing, Utilities,
50-75
70-80
Above 75
-
Agriculture
Normally Acceptable: Specified land use is satisfactory based upon the assumption that any buildings involved are of nonnal
conventional construction, without any special noise insulation requirements.
Conditionally Acceptable: New construction or development should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise
reduction requirements is made and needed noise insulation features included in the design. Conventional construction, but with
closed windows and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning will normally suffice.
Normally Unacceptable: New construction or development should generally be discouraged. If new construction or
development does proceed, a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements must be made and needed noise insulation
features included in the design.
Clearly Unacceptable: New construction or development should generally not be undertaken.
Source: Downey General Plan
Imperial and paramount Noise 2
The noise/land use compatibility standards consider exterior exposures up to 60 dBA CNEL
"normally acceptable" for single-family residential use and 65 dB CNEL is acceptable for multi-
family use, with exposures of up to 70 dB "conditionally acceptable". Commercial use buildings
are considered "normally acceptable" with exposures of 70 dB CNEL as well, though they are
allowed a 77 dB threshold for "conditionally acceptable". "Conditionally acceptable" requires
closed windows and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning. Although the Noise Element
considers noise exposures in excess of 60 dB CNEL to be compatible with residential uses under
some circumstances, Noise Goal One of the Noise Element states that the City's exterior noise
standard shall be 60 dB CNEL for all sensitive land uses.
Exterior standards apply to normally used recreational exterior space (patio, porch, pool/spa,
etc.). They are also a guide to likely interior noise exposure based on the structural attenuation
normally achievable with various types of construction.
The Downey General Plan specifies 45 dB CNEL as the residential interior noise standard. Since
normal noise attenuation within residential structures with closed windows is about 20 dB, an
exterior noise exposure of 65 dBA CNEL for exterior would provide an interior 45 dBA CNEL.
Nevertheless, a 60 dBA CNEL for exterior residential use was used for this study as specified by
the Downey General Plan Policy (6.1.3).
CNEL-based standards are the land use planning standards that are applied to noise sources for
which the City of Downey is pre-empted from exercising local control. These sources include on
road traffic and train noise. Those noise sources that are amenable to local control are regulated
by the City of Downey Municipal Code (4606.4). The ordinance establishes allowable levels of
sound that may cross any adjacent property line, as well as prohibiting general nuisance noise
and identifying a number of specific prohibitions.
The Ordinance also states that if any parcel of real estate is developed and used for multiple land
uses, the lower land use noise level standard shall apply (4606.4C). The Code at Section
4606.3(a) specifies that an increase of +5 dB(A) at the property line of a receiving property is
evidence of a nuisance. If the alleged source is continuous and cannot be reasonably
discontinued, Section 4606.3(b) limits the noise at the property line of the transmitting property
to the standards below:
Land Use
Time Period
Exterior Residential Uses
7 a.m. —
10 p.m.
10 p.m.
— 7 a.m.
Exterior Commercial Uses
7 a.m. —
10 p.m.
10 p.m.
— 7 a.m.
Exterior Manufacturing
7 a.m. —
10 p.m.
Uses
10 p.m.
— 7 a.m.
Maximum Permissible
Steady Noise Levels
(dB)
55
45
65
65
70
70
Imperial and Paramount Noise 3
In the hours between 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., the noise levels permitted above may be adjusted by the
inclusion of the following factors when applicable:
1. Noise source operated 12 minutes per hour or less +5 dB(A)
2. Noise source operated 3 minutes per hour or less +10 dB(A)
3. Noise source operated 1 minutes per hour or less +15 dB(A)
Construction projects shall be exempted from the above noise provisions provided a valid permit
for such construction is obtained form the City. No construction is to take place between the
hours of 9:00 p.m. of one day and 7:00 a.m. of the following day and no repair of remodeling
shall exceed 85 dB across any property boundary at any time during the source of a 24-hour day
(4606.5).
BASELINE NOISE CONDITIONS
Noise measurements were made in order to document existing baseline levels in the area. These
help to serve as a basis for projecting future noise exposure, both from projects upon the
surrounding community and from ambient noise activity upon the proposed project. A short-
term on -site noise measurement was conducted on Tuesday December 10, 2019, from 1:30 p.rn.
to 2:30 p.m., at three locations surrounding the project site. The results of the measurements are
shown below. A map showing the location of the monitors is shown in Figure 1.
Downey Short -Term Noise Measurements (dB[A])
Site Time Leq Lmax Lmin Lso
1 1:35-1:50 PM By Donut Shop 74 84 61 72
2 1:56-2:11 PM Apartments NW of 69 76 58 67
Imperial/Paramount
3 2:15-2:30 PM Burger King Parking Lot 65 70 58 62
Noise readings observed by the Donut Shop, located 70-feet east of Paramount Boulevard and
120-feet north of Imperial Highway demonstrated the highest noise reading of the three
monitored sites. The elevated noise level is believed to be from trucks and cars shifting gear to
try to get through the red light or stop at the light. The location of this monitor captured traffic
noise both from the Paramount and Imperial roadways.
The observed noise levels of the condos at 12533 Paramount Blvd (NW of the intersection)
provided the second highest noise readings. The monitor for this site was located only 50-feet
from the Paramount Boulevard centerline and 300-feet north of the Imperial Highway centerline.
The quietest location was in the Burger King parking lot. This meter was placed 250-feet west of
the Paramount Boulevard centerline and 130-feet north of the Imperial Highway centerline.
Imperial and Paramount Noise 4
Figure 1
Noise Meter Locations
Imperial and Paramount Noise
LAND USE NOISE IMPACTS
THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
According to the current CEQA Appendix G guidelines, noise impacts are considered potentially
significant if they cause:
a. Exposure of persons to or generation of noise levels in excess of standards established in
the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies.
Noise levels exceeding the City of Downey Noise Standards would be considered
significant.
b. Exposure of persons to or generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne
noise levels.
c. A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above
levels existing without the project.
d. A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project
vicinity above levels existing without the project.
CEQA Guidelines also identify potential impact significance due to aircraft noise. There are no
airports within any reasonable noise impact distance from the proposed project area.
The term "substantial increase" is not defined by any responsible agency. The limits of
perceptibility by ambient grade instrumentation (sound meters) or by humans in a laboratory
environment is around 1.5 dB. Under ambient conditions, people generally do not perceive that
noise has clearly changed until there is a 3 dB difference. A threshold of 3 dB is commonly used
to define "substantial increase." An increase of +3 dBA CNEL in traffic noise would be
consistent a significant impact.
Two characteristic noise sources are typically identified with roadway improvements such as that
proposed for the development of the Paramount Boulevard and Imperial Highway Intersection
improvements. Construction activities, especially heavy equipment, will create short-term noise
increases near the project site. Such impacts may be important for nearby noise -sensitive
receptors such as any existing residential uses. Upon completion, project -related traffic could
cause an incremental increase in area -wide noise levels throughout the project area. For this
project, traffic noise impacts are analyzed to ensure that the project not adversely impact the
acoustic environment of the surrounding community.
Imperial and Paramount Noise 6
Sensitive Uses
Several roadway segments have existing adjacent sensitive residential uses as follows:
North of Intersection
12533 Paramount Blvd SFR Condo (2 buildings) 40' from work limit, 21' from TCE
12542 Paramount Blvd, Aspen Place Apts 62'from work limit
12527 Paramount Blvd Athens Apts 26' from work limit
East of Intersection (does not directly front construction but is close to the construction limit
12603 Block Ave SFR 100' from work limit
South of Intersection
12620 Paramount Blvd SFR 65' from work limit
7957 Lyndora St SFR 52' from work limit
West of Intersection
No adjacent sensitive uses
TCE=Temporary Construction Easement
CONSTRUCTION NOISE IMPACTS
Construction noise levels would vary at any given receptor depending on the construction phase,
equipment type, duration of use, distance between the noise source and receptor, and the
presence or absence of barriers between the noise source and receptor. For this analysis,
construction noise levels were estimated for proposed daytime construction.
The construction noise analysis shows that the nearby sensitive residential receivers will likely
experience a temporary/periodic increase above ambient noise levels. Construction noise is
unavoidable though noise would be temporary and limited to the duration of the construction in
any one location. These temporary impacts will cease once each section of roadway is
completed. Roadway projects are considered "linear" as they are only in a single area for a brief
time period and move as work continues down the alignment.
Quantitatively, the primary noise prediction equation is expressed as follows for the hourly
average noise level (Leq) at distance D between the source and receiver (dBA):
Leq = Lmax @ 50' — 20 log (D/50') + 1 Olog (U.F%/100) — I.L.(bar)
Where:
Lmax @ 50' is the published reference noise level at 50 feet
U.F.% is the usage factor for full power operation per hour
I.L.(bar) is the insertion loss for intervening barriers
Point sources of noise emissions are attenuated by a factor of 6 dB per doubling of distance
through geometrical (spherical) spreading of sound waves. Table 2 shows the probable
Imperial and Paramount Noise 7
equipment fleet for this project and identifies highest (Lmax) noise levels associated with each
type of equipment identified for use, then adjusts this noise level for distance to the closest
sensitive receptors and the extent of equipment usage (usage factor), which is represented as Leq.
A 50-foot reference distance is used.
Table 2
Construction :quipment Noise Levels
Reference Noise Cumulative Noise
Phase Name and
Level @ 50 feet
Level @ 50 feet
Duration
Equipment
Usage Factor
(dB)
(dB)
Demo
Concrete Saw
20%
90
84
Dozer
40%
85
82
Loader/Backhoe
37%
78
74
Grading
Grader
40%
85
81
Dozer
40%
85
82
Loader/Backhoe
37%
78
74
Underground Utilities
Crane
16%
81
73
Welder
46%
74
71
Forklift
20%
75
69
Paving and Median
Mixer
40%
79
75
Construction
Paver
50%
77
74
Paving Equipment
40%
76
72
Roller
20%
80
74
Loader/Backhoe
37%
78
74
The closest sensitive use to any construction area is the Athens Apartments at 12527 Paramount
Blvd. The closest of these units have a 26-foot setback from the closest construction limit. At this
distance, a concrete saw would be the loudest equipment and units closest to the work could
experience noise levels of up to 90 dB Leq when equipment operates at the closest perimeter. All
other construction equipment is minimally 2 dB less noisy.
The maximal noise levels are limited to the time it takes to remove pavement adjacent to any
residence. The interval would be brief and would affect a given sensitive receptor for only a
short period of time. The progress rate for the roadway work is approximately 10 feet per day for
a 6-inonth construction schedule and therefore the noisiest construction activities will only be in
immediate proximity to any single receptor for a few days.
Although noise levels will be noticeable at times, these exceedances would be sporadic (not
continuous) in nature, limited in duration, and would occur only when equipment is typically
operated within 25 feet of a given receptor. There is only one receptor at 12527 Paramount Blvd
which would be within 25 feet. All other sensitive receptors have a minimal 40-foot setback. By
40 feet, construction noise is reduced to below 85 dB Leq.
Additionally, activities are limited to daytime hours when most people are away. Since all other
noise -sensitive receptors are located farther from the project site, or equipment would be less
noisy, the project's other construction -related noise levels would be even lower.
Imperial and Paramount Noise
The City of Downey limits construction noise levels of 85 dB at any sensitive use property line.
Because the project is a roadway alignment, no single piece of equipment will operate in front of
any use for a substantial period of time.
The Downey Noise Ordinance states that no construction is to take place between the hours of
9:00 p.m. of one day and 7:00 a.m. of the following day and no repair or remodeling shall exceed
85 dB across any property boundary at any time during the course of a 24-hour day.
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY VIBRATION
Project -related pavement cutting, excavation and construction activities has the potential to result
in vibration that could disturb nearby residents and/or cause cosmetic damage to existing
adjacent buildings or structures.
Ground -borne vibration occurs when heavy equipment travels over unpaved surfaces or when it
is engaged in soil movement. The effects of ground -borne vibration include discernable
movement of building floors, rattling of windows, shaking of items on shelves or hanging on
walls, and rumbling sounds. Vibration related problems generally occur due to resonances in the
structural components of a building because structures amplify goundborne vibration. Within
the "soft" sedimentary surfaces of much of Southern California, ground vibration is quickly
damped out. Groundborne vibration is almost never annoying to people who are outdoors (FTA
2006).
Groundborne vibrations from construction activities rarely reach levels that can damage
structures. Because vibration is typically not an issue, very few jurisdictions have adopted
vibration significance thresholds. Vibration thresholds have been adopted for major public works
construction projects, but these relate mostly to structural protection (cracking foundations or
stucco) rather than to human annoyance.
The vibration descriptor commonly used to determine structural damage is the peak particle
velocity (ppv) which is defined as the maximum instantaneous positive or negative peak of the
vibration signal, usually measured in in/sec. The range of such vibration is as follows in Table 3:
Table 3
Human Response To Transient Vibration
Average Human Response ppv (in/sec)
Severe 2.0
Strongly perceptible 0.9
Distinctly perceptible 0.2
Barely perceptible 0.0
Source: Caltrans Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual, 2013
Over the years, numerous vibration criteria and standards have been suggested by researchers,
organizations, and governmental agencies. There are no Caltrans or Federal Highway
Administration standards for vibration.
Imperial and Paramount Noise 9
According to Caltrans, the threshold for structural vibration damage for modern structures is
0.5 in/sec for intermittent sources, which include impact pile drivers, pogo -stick compactors,
crack -and -seat equipment, vibratory pile drivers, and vibratory compaction equipment. The
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (1990)
identifies maximum vibration levels for preventing damage to structures from intermittent
construction or maintenance activities for residential buildings in good repair with gypsum
board walls to be 0.4-0.5 in/sec. The damage threshold criterion of 0.2 in/sec is appropriate for
fragile buildings. For the purpose of this analysis because adjacent residences can be older, the
0.2 in/sec damage threshold for older fragile buildings is used as a very conservative evaluation
criteria. Below this level there is virtually no risk of building damage. Table 4 shows the
predicted vibration levels generated by construction equipment.
Table 4
Estimated Vibration Levels During Project Construction
PPV
PPV
PPV
PPV
Equipment
at 25 ft (in/sec)
at 50 ft (in/sec)
at 75 ft (in/sec)
at 100 ft (in/sec)
Large Bulldozer
0.089
0.031
0.017
0.011
Loaded trucks
0.076
0.027
0.015
0.010
Jackhammer
0.035
0.012
0.007
0.004
Small Bulldozer
0.003
0.001
0.001
<0.001
Source: FHWA Transit Noise
and Vibration Impact Assessment
The calculation to determine PPV at a given distance is:
PPVdistance = PPVref*(25/D)111.5
Where:
PPVdistance = the peak particle velocity in inches/second of the equipment adjusted for
distance,
PPVref = the reference vibration level in inches/second at 25 feet, and
D = the distance from the equipment to the receiver.
The closest sensitive uses adjacent to the project alignment have a minimal 25-foot separation
distance. Because the construction envelope is small, it is unlikely that a large bulldozer will be
used. A small bulldozer creates much lower vibration levels.
As seen on Table 4, at the closest setback of 25-feet the vibration levels are well below levels
that could create structural damage in fragile buildings (i.e., 0.2 in/sec). Vibration levels will be
below the human perception threshold and far below any possible cosmetic damage level.
PROJECT -RELATED VEHICULAR NOISE IMPACTS
Long-term noise concerns from the change in traffic in the project vicinity. This concern was
addressed using the California specific vehicle noise curves (CALVENO) in the federal roadway
Imperial and Paramount Noise 10
noise model (the FHWA Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model, FHWA-RD-77-108). The
model calculates the Leq noise level for a particular reference set of input conditions, and then
makes a series of adjustments for site -specific traffic volumes, distances, speeds, or noise
barriers.
This analysis evaluates the change between existing noise levels "with" and "without" project at
the Imperial Highway and Paramount Boulevard intersection. Two-time frames are evaluated.
Existing conditions "with" and "without" project, and year 2035 "with" and "without" project.
As shown in Table 5, the noise levels for the with and without project implementation scenario is
identical. The project is growth accommodating rather than growth inducing. The number of
vehicles utilizing the intersection stay the same for both the "with" and "without" project
conditions. Although the wait time for vehicles will be lower, there is no mechanism to quantify
any associated benefits. Therefore, the project will not create any traffic noise increases and
qualitatively could slightly lower noise levels.
Table 5
Paramount Blvd Median Improvement Project
Traffic Noise Impact Analysis
(dBA CNEL at 50 feet from centerline)
Segment
Existing
Existing w
No Project
Project
Change?
Paramount Blvd/ N of Imperial
70.2
70.2
no
S of Imperial
69.8
69.8
no
Imperial Hwy/ W of Paramount
71.5
71.5
no
E of Paramount
71.2
71.2
no
(dBA CNEL at 50 feet from centerline)
Segment
2035
2035 w
Change?
No Project
Project
Paramount Blvd/ N of Imperial
70.5
70.5
no
S of Imperial
70.0
70.0
no
Imperial Hwy/ W of Paramount
71.8
71.8
no
E of Paramount
71.5
71.5
no
Imperial and Paramount Noise
SUMMARY
Construction activities from project development may temporarily impact existing surrounding
residential uses. Such impacts are primarily onsite and are mitigated by required compliance with
grading/construction permits. These considerations include:
0 No construction is to take place between the hours of 9:00 p.m. of one day and 7:00 a.m.
of the following day and no repair of remodeling shall exceed 85 dB across any property
boundary at any time during the source of a 24-hour day.
• Staging areas shall be located away from existing residences.
• All construction equipment shall use properly operating mufflers.
Project -related off -site traffic noise changes on existing streets will not substantially alter the
existing and forecasted noise environment. Traffic noise impact analyzed at a "with -project"
versus "no -project" condition shows project -related noise is not individually significant.
Construction vibration is not expected to create a significant impact.
Imperial and Paramount Noise 12
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Appendix D —
Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program Summary
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
City of Downey
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Project
DRAFT Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program Summary
Implementation
No. Mitigation Measures I Action
Air Quality
MM-AQ-1 Fugitive Dust Control. Implement the following mitigation measures Condition of
during Project construction for dust emissions control: Approval
• Apply soil stabilizers or moisten inactive areas.
• Prepare a high wind dust control plan.
• Address previously disturbed areas if subsequent construction
is delayed.
• Water exposed surfaces as needed to avoid visible dust
leaving the construction site (typically 2 to 3 times per day).
• Cover all stock piles with tarps at the end of each day or as
needed.
• Provide water spray during loading and unloading of earthen
materials.
• Minimize in/out traffic from construction zone.
• Cover all trucks hauling dirt, sand, or loose material and require
all trucks to maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard.
• Sweep streets daily if visible soil material is carried out from the
construction site.
MM-AQ-2 Exhaust Emissions Control. Implement the following mitigation Condition of
measures during Project construction for exhaust emissions control: Approval
• Utilize well -tuned off -road construction equipment.
• Establish a preference for contractors using Tier 3 or better
heavy equipment.
• Enforce 5-minute idling limits for both on -road trucks and off -
road equipment.
Method of Timing of Responsible
Verification Verification Person Verification Date
Field inspections Prior to Issuance Public Works
as necessary of Building Permit Dept.
Field inspections During Public Works
as necessary construction Dept.
activities
Appendix D - 1
No. I Mitigation Measures
Hazards and Hazardous Materials
MM-HAZ-1 Hazmat Storage. During the Project the applicant shall ensure that
grading and street improvement plans include the following measures
and that the measures shall be followed by the construction contractor
and crew: a) the storage of hazardous materials, chemicals, fuels, and
oils and fueling of construction equipment shall be a minimum of 45
meters (150 feet) from any drainage, water supply, or other water
features; b) hazardous materials stored on -site shall be stored in a
neat, orderly manner in appropriate containers and, if possible, under
a roof or other enclosure; c) whenever possible, all of a product shall
be used up before disposal of its container; d) if surplus product must
be disposed of, the manufacturer's or the local and state
recommended methods for disposal shall be followed; e) spills shall be
contained and cleaned up immediately after discovery. Manufacturer's
methods for spill cleanup of a material shall be followed as described
on the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for each product.
Hydrology and Water Quality
Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Paramount Boulevard/Imperial Highway Intersection Improvement Project
Implementation
Action
Condition of
Approval
MM-HYD-1 Prior to construction activities, a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Condition of
Plan (SWPPP) and Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) will be Approval
prepared to the requirements of the City of Downey Municipal Code
and State Regional Water Quality Control Board's Basin Plan.
Noise
MM-N-1 Construction is only permitted to take place between the hours of 7:00 Condition of
a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on Monday through Saturday. All construction Approval
equipment shall use properly operating mufflers.
Method of Timing of Responsible
Verification Verification Person
Plan Check Prior to grading Public Works
activities Dept.
Plan Check & Site During and after Public Works
inspection project Dept.
construction
Field inspections During Public Works
as necessary construction Dept.
activities
Verification Date
Appendix D - 2