HomeMy WebLinkAbout02. Water Public Health Goals
AGENDA MEMO
DATE:
July 27, 2010
TO: Mayor and Members of the City Council
FROM: Office of the City Manager
By: John Oskoui, P.E., Director of Public Works
SUBJECT: CITY OF DOWNEY WATER SYSTEM 2010 REPORT ON PUBLIC HEALTH
GOALS
RECOMMENDATION
That the City Council:
1. Conduct a Public Hearing to consider comments on the City’s water system 2010 Report
on Public Health Goals; and
ADOPT A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OFDOWNEY
2.
ADOPTING THE CITY OF DOWNEY WATER SYSTEM 2010 REPORT ON PUBLIC
HEALTH GOALS
BACKGROUND
Provisions of the California Health and Safety Code (Section 116470) specify that a public water
system serving more than 10,000 service connections must prepare a Public Health Goals
Report (Report) by July 1, 2010 that provides information on the “detection” of any contaminants
in the public water system from 2007 through 2009 that exceed Public Health Goals (PHGs).
The attached Report must be advertised and made available for public review, and be
presented to the public for comment at a public hearing.
The purpose of the Report is to provide water customers with access to information on levels of
contaminants that fall below the enforceable mandatory standards, such as Maximum
Contaminant Levels (MCLs) that are established by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) and the California Department of Public Health (CDPH). MCLs are the
regulatory definition of what is safe for human consumption. Adopted MCLs are the criteria
utilized to ensure that a public water system is in compliance with drinking water standards.
PHGs are non-enforceable goals established by the California Environmental Protection Agency
(Cal-EPA)’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) and are not required
to be met by any public water system. The law also requires that where OEHHA has not
adopted a PHG for a constituent, the water suppliers are to use the Maximum Contaminant
Level Goals (MCLGs) adopted by the USEPA.
The report must also include design, construction and operational cost estimates for treatment
facilities that can reduce or eliminate any trace of the contaminant(s) from drinking water
sources and/or supplies without regard to how minimal the risk might be.
CITY OF DOWNEY, CALIFORNIA
Mayor and Members of the City Council
City of Downey Water System Report On Public Health Goals
July 27, 2010
Page 2
DISCUSSION
Drinking Water Standards, PHGs and MCLGs
PHGs are set by the OEHHA and are based solely on public health risk considerations. None of
the practical risk-management factors that are considered by the USEPA or the CDPH in setting
drinking water standards (MCLs) are considered in setting the MCLGs or PHGs. These factors
include analytical detection capability, treatment technology availability, benefits and costs.
PHGs and MCLGs are, or may be set at, very low levels where the health risks are very low or,
in the case of MCLGs of zero, the health risk is zero. Determinations of health risk at these low
levels are based on theoretical risk assessments utilizing many assumptions and mathematical
extrapolations. Many contaminants are considered to be carcinogenic and the USEPA has set
the MCLGs for these contaminants at zero.
Included in the Report is the numerical public health risk associated with the MCL, PHG or
MCLG, the category or type of risk to health that could be associated with each constituent, the
best treatment technology available that could be used to reduce the constituent level, and an
estimate of the annualized cost of the treatment system.
Water Quality Data Considered
All of the water quality data resulting from the analysis of the water quality samples collected
from the City’s water system between 2007 and 2009 for purposes of determining compliance
with drinking water standards was considered. This data was summarized in the 2007, 2008,
and 2009 Annual Water Quality Reports (Consumer Confidence Report or CCR), which were
mailed to all of our customers before July 1 of the following year.
Treatment Alternatives and Cost Estimates
Both the USEPA and CDPH adopt what are known as Best Available Technologies (BATs),
which are the best known methods of reducing contaminant levels to the MCL. Costs can be
estimated for such technologies. However, since many PHGs and MCLGs are set much lower
than the MCL, it is neither always possible nor feasible to determine what treatment is needed
to further reduce a constituent downward to, or near, the PHG or MCLG, many of which are set
at zero.
Estimating the costs to reduce a constituent to a low PHG level (sometimes to non-detect levels
or zero) is difficult, if not impossible, and highly speculative because it is not possible to verify by
analytical means that the level has been lowered to zero. In some cases, installing a treatment
facility to further reduce very low levels of one constituent may have adverse effects on other
aspects of water quality. Therefore, they have limited value and may not warrant significant
investment of time and money.
Where appropriate, the BAT that could be used to reduce the constituent level, and an estimate
of the annualized cost to design, construct and operate the treatment facility have been
estimated. This annualized cost assumes that the cost will be equally shared by each of the
22,500 service connections in the City’s potable water system.
Mayor and Members of the City Council
City of Downey Water System Report On Public Health Goals
July 27, 2010
Page 3
Constituents Detected That Exceed a PHG or a MCLG
The following are constituents that were detected in one or more of the City’s drinking water
sources at levels above the PHG, or if no PHG exists, above the MCLG.
Constituents MCL PHG or (MCLG) Detection
Tetrachloroethylene [PCE] (mg/L) 0.005 0.00006 0.0006
Arsenic (mg/L) 0.010 0.000004 0.0012
Gross-Alpha (pCi/L) 15 (0) 1.4
Uranium (pCi/L) 20 0.43 2.6
Lead (mg/L) – Action Level 0.015 0.0002 0.007
Copper (mg/L) – Action Level 1.3 0.3 0.35
Coliform (% Positive Samples) 5% (0) ND-7.8%
The detailed discussion and cost estimates for their treatment are presented in the attached
2010 Report on Public Health Goals.
FINANCIAL IMPACT
The drinking water quality of the City of Downey potable water system meets all CDPH and
USEPA drinking water standards set to protect public health. Additional costly treatment
processes would be required to further reduce the levels of the constituents identified in the
2010 Report on Public Health Goals, which are already significantly below the MCLs
established to provide “safe drinking water”.
The costs associated with the Best Available Treatment Technology are rough estimates for
capital equipment installation and operational expenditures. Other associated costs, such as
land acquisition to meet facility space requirement, are not included. The effectiveness of the
treatment processes to provide significant reductions in constituent levels at these already low
levels is uncertain. The health protection benefits of these further hypothetical reductions are
not at all clear and may not be quantifiable. Therefore, no action is proposed.
Attachments:
Resolution
2010 Report on Public Health Goals
S:\AgendaMemosCC2010\07-27-10\PHG Adoption
RESOLUTION NO. 10-_____
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DOWNEY
ADOPTING THE 2010 CITY OF DOWNEY WATER SYSTEM REPORT ON
PUBLIC HEALTH GOALS
WHEREAS,
Provisions of the California Health and Safety Code (Section
116470) specify that a public water system serving more than 10,000 service
connections must prepare a Public Health Goals Report (Report) by July 1, 2010 that
provides information on the detection of any contaminants in the public water system
from 2007 through 2009 that exceed the Public Health Goals (PHGs).
WHEREAS,
the City is an urban supplier of water providing water to a population
of approximately 112,000 through approximately 22,500 service connections; and
WHEREAS,
the City provides over 17,000 acre-feet of water to its customers
annually; and
WHEREAS,
Section 116470 requires that the Report be prepared every three
years; and
WHEREAS,
Section 116470 requires that the Report be made available for
public inspection and that a public hearing be held prior to adoption of the Report; and
WHEREAS,
the City has, therefore, prepared and made available for public
review, copies of the Report, and provided proper notice of the public hearing to be held
before the City Council of the City of Downey on July 27, 2010; and
WHEREAS,
all remarks and suggestions brought to the attention of the City were
considered prior to the adoption of the Report.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DOWNEY DOES
HEREBY RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1
. The City of Downey Water System 2010 Report On Public Health
Goals is hereby adopted and ordered filed with the City Clerk;
SECTION 2
. The Public Works Director is hereby authorized and directed to
make available to the public copies of the Report no later than 30 days after Council
adoption;
SECTION 3.
The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution.
RESOLUTION NO. 10-_____
PAGE 2
APPROVED AND ADOPTED
this 27th day of July, 2010.
ANNE M. BAYER, Mayor
ATTEST:
KATHLEEN L. MIDSTOKKE, City Clerk
I HEREBY CERTIFY
that the foregoing Resolution was adopted by the City
th
Council of the City of Downey at a regular meeting held on the 27 day of July, 2010, by
the following vote, to wit:
AYES: Council Members:
NOES: Council Member:
ABSENT: Council Member:
ABSTAIN: Council Member:
KATHLEEN L. MIDSTOKKE, City Clerk
.
.
.
Utilities Division
.
.
Department of Public Works
.
.
.9252 Stewart & Gary Road
.
.
Downey, CA 90241
City of Downey Water System
2010 Report on Public Health Goals
..........
Prepared by
Utilities Division
Department of Public Works
City of Downey
June 2010
2010 Report on Public Health Goals
Background
Provisions of the California Health and Safety Code (Section 116470) specify that a
public water system serving more than 10,000 service connections must prepare a
special report (Report) by July 1, 2010 that gives information on the “detection” of
any contaminants that exceeded any Public Health Goals (PHGs). PHGs are non-
enforceable goals established by the California Environmental Protection Agency
(Cal-EPA)’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). The law
also requires that where OEHHA has not adopted a PHG for a constituent, the water
suppliers are to use the Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) adopted by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). MCLGs are the federal
equivalent to PHGs.
The purpose of this report is to provide water customers access to information
concerning those contaminants in the City’s potable water system whose levels
exceed any PHG or MCLG. Additionally, the Report provides cost estimates to
construct and operate a treatment facility that would reduce or eliminate any trace of
the contaminant(s) from drinking water to meet PHGs or MCLGs without regard to
how minimal the risk might be.
Drinking Water Standard, MCLs, PHGs and MCLGs
The USEPA and California Department of Public Health (CDPH or DPH) establish
drinking water standards at very conservative levels to protect consumers against all
but very low to negligible health risks. MCLs are the regulatory definition of what is
“safe”. Adopted MCLs are the criteria utilized to ensure that a public water system is
in compliance with drinking water standards. Per standard health effects language
specified in California Drinking Water Regulations, Title 22, Code of Regulations,
drinking water which meets DPH standards is associated with little to no risk and
should be considered safe.
PHGs set by the OEHHA are based solely on public health risk considerations. None
of the practical risk-management factors, which are considered by the USEPA or the
CDPH in setting drinking water standards (MCLs), are considered in setting the
MCLGs or PHGs. These factors include analytical detection capability, treatment
Attachment No. 1
technology available, benefits and costs. is a list of all regulated
contaminants with their MCLs and PHGs or MCLGs.
PHGs and MCLGs are set at very low levels where the health risks are very low or, in
the case of zero, the health risk is zero. Determinations of health risk at these low
2
levels are frequently based on theoretical risk assessments with many assumptions
and mathematical extrapolations. Many contaminants are considered to be
carcinogenic and the USEPA has set their MCLGs at zero, which cannot be measured
by the practical available analytical methods. PHGs and MCLGs are not regulatory
in nature and represent only non-mandatory theoretical goals.
Water Quality Data Considered
All of the water quality data resulting from the analysis of the quarter quality samples
collected from the City’s water system between 2007 and 2009 for purposes of
determining compliance with drinking water standards was considered. This data was
summarized in the 2007, 2008, and 2009 Annual Water Quality Reports (Attachments
2, 3 and 4 respectively), or referred to as a Consumer Confidence Report (CCR),
which were mailed to all of our customers before July 1 of each year.
If a constituent was detected in the water supply at a level above an applicable PHG
or MCLG, this Report provides the information required by the law. Included is the
numerical public health risk associated with the MCL and the PHG or the MCLG, the
category or type of risk to health that could be associated with each constituent level,
and an estimate of the annualized cost of the treatment system if it is appropriate and
feasible.
Best Available Treatment Technology and Cost Estimates
Both the USEPA and CDHS adopt what are known as BATs or Best Available
Technologies which are the best known methods of reducing contaminant levels to
the MCL. However, since many PHGs and MCLGs are set much lower than the
MCLs, it is neither always possible, nor feasible, to determine what treatment is
needed to further reduce a constituent downward to, or near, the PHG or MCLG,
many of which are set at zero.
Estimating the costs to reduce a constituent to a low PHG level (sometimes to non-
detect levels, or zero) is difficult, if not impossible and highly speculative because it
is not possible to verify by analytical means. In some cases, installing a treatment
facility to further reduce levels of one constituent that already is at a very low level
may have adverse effects on other aspects of water quality.
Where feasible and the BAT that could be used to reduce the constituent level exists,
the annualized cost to design, install and operate that treatment has been estimated.
The cost estimates for each service connection are calculated by assuming that the
cost will be equally shared by each of the 22,500 service connections in the water
system.
3
Constituents Detected That Exceed a PHG or a MCLG
The following are discussions of those constituents that were detected in one or more
of the City’s drinking water sources at levels above the PHG, or the MCLG. The table
below is a brief summary of those constituents.
Constituents MCL PHG or Detection BATs
(MCLG)
Tetrachloroethylene [PCE] (mg/L) 0.005 0.00006 0.0006 GAC
Arsenic (mg/L) 0.010 0.000004 0.0012 RO
Gross-Alpha (pCi/L) 15 (0) 1.4 RO
Uranium (pCi/L) 20 0.43 2.6 RO
Lead (mg/L) – Action Level 0.015 0.0002 0.007 Corrosion
Control
Copper (mg/L) – Action Level 1.3 0.3 0.35 Corrosion
Control
Coliform (% Positive Samples) 5% (0) ND-7.8% Disinfection
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)
There are a total of five wells that have PCE levels below the MCL but above the
PHG. The category of health risk associated with PCE, and why it has a drinking
water standard, is that ingesting water containing PCE above the MCLs throughout a
lifetime may increase the risk of developing cancer. Per Drinking Water Regulation
of Section 64468.2, Title 22, CCR,that “Drinking water which meets this standard
(the MCLs) is associated with little to none of this risk and should be considered safe
with respect to PCE.”
A feasible BAT for removal of PCE is Granular Activated Carbon (GAC). Since the
PCE level in the subject wells is already below the MCL, the GAC unit would require
long empty bed contact time (EBCT). The estimated annualized capital and
operational cost for such a treatment systems for five wells would be approximately
$5.5 million per year including annualized capital and operation and maintenance
costs. This would result in an estimated increased cost for each water service
customer of $244 per year.
Arsenic
Arsenic has been detected from 12 water wells in the system. The MCL is 0.010
mg/L and the PHG is 0.000004 mg/L (4 ppt). The levels detected in the City’s
system were below the MCL but above the PHG level.
Arsenic is a naturally occurring element in the earth's crust and is widely distributed
in the environment. All humans are exposed to microgram quantities of arsenic
largely from food and to a lesser degree from drinking water and air. The PHG of
4
0.000004 mg/L for arsenic in drinking water is derived based on the mortality of
arsenic-induced lung and urinary bladder cancers observed in epidemiological studies
of populations in Taiwan, Chile, and Argentina. Similar unit risks were derived from
a mouse bioassay using prenatal exposure to arsenic. The risk estimates were based
on a low-dose linear extrapolation approach although the mode of carcinogenic action
is not fully understood.
The applicable BAT identified to treat arsenic is Reverse Osmosis (RO) treatment.
The City has determined that the cost to install and operate a RO removal system to
treat the subject wells in the water system to meet PHG levels would be
approximately $40 million annually, which includes construction and annual
operational cost. This translates into an annual cost of $1,764 per water service
connection.
Gross Alpha and Uranium
Gross Alpha has been detected from all 20 wells in the system. The MCL is 15
picoCuries per Liter (pCi/L) and the MCLG is 0 pCi/L. The levels detected in our
system were below the MCL, but were over the MCLG levels.
Uranium has been detected from all 20 wells. The MCL is 20 pCi/L and the PHG is
0.43 pCi/L. The levels detected in our system were below the MCL, but were over
the PHG level.
These radiological constituents are naturally occurring contaminants in water
supplies. These constituents have been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals
such as rats and mice when the animals are exposed to high levels over their lifetimes.
Constituents that cause cancer in laboratory animals may also increase the risk of
cancer in humans who are exposed over long periods of time. CDPH has set the
drinking water standards for gross alpha at 15 pCi/L, and for uranium at 20 pCi/L to
reduce the risk of cancer that has been observed in laboratory animals.
The BAT identified to treat these radiological contaminants (Gross Alpha and
Uranium) is Reverse Osmosis (RO) treatment. We have determined that the cost to
install and operate RO systems at the City’s well sites system to meet the PHG levels
would be approximately $81 million annually, which includes construction and
annual operational cost. This translates into an annual cost of $3,580 per water
service connection.
Coliform Bacteria
Coliform bacteria are an indicator organism that are ubiquitous in nature and are not
generally considered harmful. They are used because of the ease in monitoring and
analysis. If a positive sample is found, it indicates a potential problem that needs to
5
be investigated. It is not at all unusual for a system to have an occasional positive
sample. It is difficult, if not impossible to assure that a system will never detect a
positive sample.
The MCL for coliform is 5% positive samples of all system samples taken on a
monthly basis and the MCLG is zero. The reason for the coliform drinking water
standard is to minimize the possibility of the water containing pathogens which are
organisms that cause waterborne diseases. Coliform is only a surrogate indicator of
the potential presence of pathogens, therefore, it is not possible to quantify its health
risk.
Per the CDHS Total Coliform Rule, 25 total coliform samples are collected each
week from locations throughout the distribution system. During the three-year period
of 2007 and 2009, there were two months where the monthly positive percentage
exceeded the PHG of zero: December 2007 (1.0%), and September 2008 (7.8%). All
positive samples were followed by corresponding actions including collecting
confirmation samples, and investigating and correcting cause of positive samples.
BATs have been implemented and will continue to be utilized to prevent any
microbiological contamination. These include protection of wells by appropriate
construction and maintenance, proper preventative maintenance of the distribution
system such as flushing, an effective cross-connection control program, an effective
monitoring and surveillance program and maintaining positive pressures in the
distribution system.
Lead and Copper
There is no MCL for lead or copper. Instead the 90th percentile value of all samples
from household taps in the distribution system cannot exceed an Action Level by the
CDPH of 0.015 mg/L for lead and 1.3 mg/L for copper. The PHG for lead is 0.0002
mg/L and the PHG for copper is 0.3 mg/L. The category of health risk for lead is
damage to the kidneys or nervous system, while the category of health risk for copper
is gastrointestinal irritation.
Based on extensive sampling of our distribution system, the 90th percentile value for
lead was 0.007 mg/L and for copper was 0.35 mg/L. The City’s system is in full
compliance with the Lead and Copper Rule. Therefore, the system is deemed by
CDPH to have “optimized corrosion control” for our water system.
In general, optimizing corrosion control is considered to be the BAT to deal with
corrosion issues and any lead or copper findings. We continue to monitor our water
quality parameters that relate to corrosivity, such as the pH, hardness, alkalinity, and
total dissolved solids, and will take action if necessary to maintain our system in an
“optimized corrosion control” condition.
6
Since we are meeting the “optimized corrosion control” requirements, it is not
prudent to initiate additional corrosion control treatment as it involves the addition of
other chemicals and there could be additional water quality issues raised. Therefore,
no estimate of cost has been included.
Recommendations For Further Action
The drinking water quality of the City of Downey’s water system meets all State and
Federal drinking water standards set to protect public health. Additional costly
treatment processes would be required to further reduce the levels of the constituents
identified in this report, which are already significantly below the MCLs established
to provide “safe drinking water”. The effectiveness of the treatment processes to
provide significant reductions in constituent levels at these already low values is
uncertain. The health protection benefits of these further hypothetical reductions are
not at all clear and may not be quantifiable. Therefore, no action is proposed.
Attachments
1.Table of Regulated Contaminants with MCLs, PHGs or MCLGs
2.2007 Water Quality Report
3.2008 Water Quality Report
4.2009 Water Quality Report
7
Attachment No.1
MCLs, DLRs and PHGs for Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants
Last Update: December 31, 2009
StatePHG or Date of
DLR
MCL(MCLG)PHG
Gross beta particle activity - OEHHA
concluded in 2003 that a PHG was not 4 mrem/yr4(zero)n/a
practical
Radium-226--10.052006
Radium-228--10.0192006
Radium-226 + Radium-228 (addressed
5------
together as one MCL)
Strontium-90 820.352006
Tritium 20,0001,0004002006
Uranium 2010.432001
Chemicals with MCLs in 22 CCR §64444—Organic Chemicals
(a) Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
Benzene 0.0010.00050.000152001
Carbon tetrachloride 0.00050.00050.00012000
1997
1,2-Dichlorobenzene0.60.00050.6
(rev2009)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) 0.0050.00050.0061997
1,1-Dichloroethane (1,1-DCA)0.0050.00050.0032003
1999
1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCA)0.00050.00050.0004
(rev2005)
1,1-Dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE)0.0060.00050.011999
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene0.0060.00050.12006
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene0.010.00050.062006
Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)0.0050.00050.0042000
1,2-Dichloropropane0.0050.00050.00051999
1999
1,3-Dichloropropene0.00050.00050.0002
(rev2006)
Ethylbenzene0.30.00050.31997
Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) 0.0130.0030.0131999
Monochlorobenzene0.070.00050.22003
c
Styrene 0.10.0005
(0.1)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane0.0010.00050.00012003
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) 0.0050.00050.000062001
Toluene0.150.00050.151999
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.0050.00050.0051999
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA)0.20.000512006
1,1,2-Trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCA)0.0050.00050.00032006
Trichloroethylene (TCE) 0.0050.00050.00172009
Trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11)0.150.0050.71997
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane (Freon
1.20.0141997
113)
Vinyl chloride 0.00050.00050.000052000
Xylenes 1.750.00051.81997
(b) Non-Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
Alachlor 0.0020.0010.0041997
Atrazine 0.0010.00050.000151999
MCLs, DLRs and PHGs for Regulated Drinking Water Contaminants
Last Update: December 31, 2009
StatePHG or Date of
DLR
MCL(MCLG)PHG
1999
Bentazon 0.0180.0020.2
(rev2009)
d
Benzo(a)pyrene 0.00020.00011997
0.000004
Carbofuran0.0180.0050.00172000
1997
Chlordane 0.00010.00010.00003
(rev2006)
1997
Dalapon 0.20.010.79
(rev2009)
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)0.00020.000011.7E-061999
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)0.070.010.022009
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate 0.40.0050.22003
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) 0.0040.0030.0121997
Dinoseb 0.0070.0020.0141997
Diquat0.020.0040.0152000
1999
Endrin 0.0020.00010.0018
(rev2008)
Endothal 0.10.0450.581997
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)0.000050.000020.000012003
Glyphosate 0.70.0250.92007
Heptachlor 0.000010.000010.0000081999
Heptachlor epoxide 0.000010.000010.0000061999
Hexachlorobenzene0.0010.00050.000032003
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene0.050.0010.051999
1999
Lindane0.00020.00020.000032
(rev2005)
Methoxychlor0.030.010.031999
Molinate0.020.0020.0012008
Oxamyl0.050.020.0262009
Pentachlorophenol (PCP)0.0010.00020.00032009
Picloram 0.50.0010.51997
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)0.00050.00050.000092007
Simazine0.0040.0040.0042001
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)0.050.0010.0252003
-8-9e
2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)
3x105x10(0)
Thiobencarb0.070.0010.072000
Toxaphene0.0030.0010.000032003
Chemicals with MCLs in 22 CCR §64533—Disinfectant Byproducts
Total Trihalomethanes0.08
f
------
Bromodichloromethane0.0005(zero)
--
Bromoform0.0005(zero)
--
Chloroform0.0005(0.07)
--
Dibromochloromethane0.0005(0.06)
--
Total Haloacetic Acids ----
0.06--
Monochloroacetic acid0.002(0.07)
Dichloroacetic acid0.001(zero)
Trichloroacetic acid0.001(0.02)
Bromoacetic acid0.001--
Dibromoacetic acid0.001--
Yellow highlights indicate contaminant regulations revised since 2007
Note: Yellow highlights indicate contaminant regulations revised since 2007
Attachment No.2
Attachment No.3
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